摘要:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) attacks the immune system, resulting in people becoming HIV antibody positive. Under certain conditions the disease may develop, causing individuals to become symptomatic, possibly progressing to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). People in this situation are nutritionally at risk. Appropriate dietary advice may affect the prognosis of the disease, alleviate symptoms and offer the patient active involvement in treatment. Dietitians have a very practical role to play in the management of this disease.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To assess the relationship between skeletal integrity and lactose malabsorption, we studied bone mineral content (BMC), current milk and calcium intake and lactose absorption by hydrogen (H2) breath test in 155 post‐menopausal women. A statistically significant relationship was found between age, onset of menopause and BMC, and between BMC and current milk intake. Although BMC was reduced in women with lower calcium intake, this relationship failed to reach statistical significance. There was an inverse relationship between mean H2production and BMC in women 2–5 years after the onset of menopause.These results may indicate that, although the loss of ovarian function is a pre‐eminent factor in the development of osteoporosis, milk consumption represents a defensive factor against adult bone

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00232.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This pilot study was carried out to establish how many interruptions occurred to patients receiving continuous enteral feeding regimens and the associated percentage of feed losses. It measured how much of a prescribed volume of feed patients actually received during a period of enteral nutritional support. The data for 15 patients (medical and surgical) who were maintained on a standard feeding regimen for a minimum period of five days (range 5–10 days) were analysed. All feeds were administered using Abbott Flexiflo enteral feeding pumps. The patients' weight and serum albumin values were recorded prior to, and at the end of, the study. Although all patients received significantly less feed than had been prescribed there were no significant changes in either of these variable

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reduced food intake is a common problem in patients with malignant disease. Oral supplements can be easily added to foods to increase their nutrient‐energy content. In a previous study (Parkinson etah, 1987), Polycal was found to be the most acceptable energy supplement although it did not increase the energy content as much as had been hoped. Duocal, a relatively new product, was not then tested. It has a higher energy density, so might be expected to give a greater increase at the same level of palatability. This study was set up to compare the palatability and ability to increase energy of Polycal and Duocal, when incorporated into commonly used recipes. The first stage assessed the relative palatability of the two energy supplements, and found them to be equal. The second stage then set out to find the maximum acceptable amount of Duocal which could be added to a recipe. It was found that Duocal could make a larger contribution to increasing the energy content of the diet than Polyca

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Although low body‐weight and weight loss have been documented in institutionalized patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), there is a paucity of information on the nutrition of SDAT patients living in the community. Dietary, haematological, biochemical and immunological indices of nutrition were similar in nine patients with mild to moderate SDAT living in their own homes and in nine elderly controls. However, the SDAT patients were noted to have lower body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, body‐mass index and mid‐arm muscle circumference. These findings suggest that low body‐weight is a feature of early SDAT. Further study is needed to determine whether low body‐weight is associated with the aetiology of the disease, or whether it is a result of the diseas

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An attempt is made in this paper to consider first the current nutritional scene with its problems, and then to suggest strategies for improvement. As the quality of people's diets everywhere is influenced by many different factors, not least by availability of food, ability to pay for it, and some (however basic) understanding of its effects upon health, a strong plea is made for consideration to be given to those most in need of nutritional help–the least advantaged and least motivated groups in the developed countries, as well as the poor in the Third World. Some strategies aimed at improving nutrition behaviour are outlined.Having given some considerable thought to the exact meaning of the title, I decided it is best understood as ‘ways and means of bringing about beneficial changes in food habits from the health point of view’. The more I considered what such changes might entail, the less appropriate it seemed to think merely in terms of one's own immediate area, or even of the developed parts of the world. Thus, although many of the examples offered are taken either from my native Scotland or from the UK as a whole, I have attempted to aim for a wider

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In order to meet the UK dietary goals, changes in the usual diet will need to be made. We analysed the diets of 2340 middle‐aged men and women in three English towns who had completed a 1‐day food record. A majority consumed more fat, more sugar and less carbohydrate and fibre than recommended. Nutrient intakes for those meeting the goals were compared with those who did not meet them. Fewer subjects met a combination of goals, for example, only 7% met all three COMA fat goals. The 28 subjects who met a combination of the goals for total fat/saturated fat/PS ratio/carbohydrate or sugar/fibre (the combined goals group) were compared with a similar number (the average group) from subjects whose nutrient intakes were within the twenty‐fifth and seventy‐fifth percentiles. Nutrient and food intakes were compared. The combined goals group ate, for example, more cereals, wholemeal and brown bread and less white bread than the others. The average daily cost of the food intake for the combined goals group was (excluding alcohol) £2.03 and for the average gro

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty 7‐day weighed food intake records were coded twice, once by transcribing codes and weights manually onto data sheets and once by direct data entry into a microcomputer using a menu‐driven food coding program. To reduce the possibility of bias, a crossover design was used: one survey assistant coded the first 20 manually and then the second 20 by direct data entry; the other survey assistant coded the first 20 by direct data entry and the second 20 manually. The direct data entry system was found to reduce coding time by 32% and total processing time by 34%. The number of errors was also substantially reduced (by 39%). Direct data entry therefore represents a considerable improvement in the efficiency of data processing: for every 100 7‐day records, 60 h of processing time would be

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY