摘要:

Forty‐eight children with newly diagnosed malignant solid tumours underwent prospective longitudinal anthropometric assessment. At diagnosis there was a marked discrepancy between the results of conventional assessment, which relies on height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐height and the results of arm anthropometry: the study group did not differ from controls or from reference standards in height‐for‐age or weight‐for‐height, but had significantly lower mid‐upper‐arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. Only 7% of patients were identified as malnourished by conventional assessment, compared with 26% by arm anthropometry. Conversely, during therapy, change in weight‐for‐height appeared to over‐estimate deterioration in nutritional status.We suggest that these observations are largely accounted for by the effects of tumour mass, which by adding to body weight at diagnosis, inevitably elevates weight‐for‐height and by decreasing during therapy exaggerates any loss of true body weight.At diagnosis the prevalence of malnutrition identified by arm anthropometry was 27%. During therapy this increased to 46% (P= 0.04), despite supplementary enteral or parenteral feeding in one third of patients.Patients with abdominal primary disease were the most likely to be malnourished, both at diagnosis and during therapy. Patients with Wilm's tumour were particularly poorly nourished.These results suggest that there is a greater need than previously realized for nutritional support in children with malignancy. There are also implications for the assessment and monitoring of nutritional status, not only in children with cancer but also in children with malnutr

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A food frequency of consumption questionnaire was completed by 137 diabetic outpatients attending the University of Wales Hospital in Cardiff, to provide information about the use of special dietary products.Seventy‐four per cent of the diabetics used special dietary products, the most popular of which were artificial sweeteners (45%) and preserves (47%), followed by squash (34%), sweets (31%) and chocolate (31%). Twenty per cent of diabetics consumed biscuits and tinned fruit. Cake and other products (e.g. jelly), were used by less than 10% of the respondents. Over half of all the diabetics consumed one or more products on a daily basis. The use of special products bore no significant relationship to the sex of the respondents, nor to the duration of the diabetes. However, a significantly higher proportion of the Insulin Dependent Diabetics (IDDM) group used dietary products compared with the Non‐Insulin Dependent Diabetics (NIDDM) group. This can be explained largely by the differences in age between the diabetics; the under‐18‐year‐old age group (who were all IDDM respondents) were the greatest users of sweets, chocolate and squash.Forty‐three per cent of diabetics who did not use special food products cited at least one reason for non‐use. The reasons included dietetic advice (NIDDM respondents only), high cost, poor palatability, lack of availability and unsuitability for other members

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The acceptability of commercially available oral supplements has a great influence on their long‐term use by cancer patients with a poor nutritional status. This study compares short‐term and long‐term palatability of six oral supplements used widely in hospitals throughout the UK, and their effect on the nutritional intake of the pa

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1987/88 a marketing orientated ‘Healthy Eating’ campaign was introduced across all Northumberland schools. Six middle schools (9–13 year olds) also piloted an additional change in school meals policy to a restricted ‘fixed price’ menu. A before and after evaluation of this campaign is described using questionnaires, self‐completed by some 700 children aged 11–13 years in 4 middle schools chosen to represent contrasting policies and socio‐economic status. There were important favourable changes associated with the campaign both in food ‘aggregates’ (e.g. sugary, fibrous) and also of individual ‘indicator’ foods (e.g. chips, low fat milk) eaten during the previous day. These changes were detected in both cross sectional an

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Existing food records of the food intake of 63 randomly selected men and women in a Cambridgeshire village have been re‐analysed to determine the intake of dietary fibre, measured as non‐starch polysaccharides by the Englyst technique. Average non‐starch polysaccharide intake was 11.6 g/day, of which 5.6 g were supplied by vegetables, and 4.4 g by cereals. The range of individual intakes of non‐starch polysaccharides, measured over 7 days, was from 5.1 to 24.7 g. The average intake of approximately 12 g non‐starch polysaccharides in these adults was similar to estimates from the National Fo

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Diet and Drug Interactions, by Daphne A. Roe, an avi book, Van Nostrand ReinholdThe London Hospital Illustrated: 250 Years, (1990) Ed. C. Daunton, Batsford

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1990.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY