摘要:

A 2‐year prospective study was undertaken to assess the indications for, prevalence and outcome of home artificial nutritional support (HANS) in the Cambridge Health District (CHD), England. Thirty‐nine patients were identified, 33 receiving home enteral‐tube feeding (HETF) and six receiving home total‐parenteral nutrition (HTPN). About half the patients received HETF to treat chronic anorexia and the remaining half received it because of swallowing difficulties. All HTPN patients had intestinal failure. Patients receiving HTPN were young to middle aged adults, whereas the majority (80%) of those receiving HETF were either children (60 years). Patients in both the HETF and HTPN groups tended to be either short‐term or long‐term feeders. There was a high disease‐related mortality rate among the HETF patients (45.5% over 2 years) but there were no deaths in the HTPN group. It is concluded that HANS is provided for a small number of severely disabled individuals, many of whom have a p

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A new tool, the Professional Practice Development Group, is proposed for the evaluation of clinical aspects of a dietetic service. This tool relies on giving individuals specific roles in order to break down the task. This paper outlines the nature and purpose of the group. A professional practice development group could form part of a clinical audit programme and also act as a method of self‐development for staf

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A random sample of 100 nutritional messages was analysed stylistically. Six different types of language were found to be present: commands or suggestions, written persuasively or factually, and either positive or negative. The majority of messages were positive commands giving factual information. Thirty‐two messages were written using combinations of these types of language and members of the public were asked to rank four groups of messages that were similar in content, but different in type of language. Messages were ranked differently, but preferences were not related to the type of language tested, nor to the number or length of word

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An investigation into infant feeding practices in Madrid revealed the administration of herbal teas to young infants. Herbal teas were statistically significantly more often given to infants in the lower socio‐economic group than to infants in the middle and higher socio‐economic groups (P≤.04). There was no evidence that usage of herbal drinks was related to the sex of the child (P>0.05). Teas were given for their supposed pharmaceutical effect. The different herbs are discussed and a recommendation for further study in this field is pro

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The dietary history method was used to determine the total energy and macronutrient intake, the distribution of daily energy from the different meals and the energy contribution of various food groups, in a population of 299 boys, aged between 10 and 15 years. The effects of age, the social status of the father (SPS), the ponderal index, the importance of breakfast or lunch, and the level of energy intake on dietary indicators, were studied. In our population, energy intake increased with increasing age but the energy contribution of macronutrients did not vary. The diet of boys whose fathers were in the upper SPS classes differed from the diet of those boys whose fathers were manual workers: for example they consumed less energy and pastries, but more animal protein (in percentage of energy intake), more dairy products, and more fruit. The ponderal index was negatively related to energy intake but positively related to protein intake, especially from meat and meat products. The energy intake from protein, animal protein and the energy contribution of dairy products, meat and meat products, fish and vegetables was lower among large eaters than among small eaters. The energy contribution of pastries, sugar and sweets was higher among large eaters.Similarily, the energy intake from morning and evening snacks was also higher among large eaters. It should be noted that boys who had a substantial breakfast took in less energy from all other meals (including snacks and main meals). Such informaton is necessary in order to develop an effective health programme.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1989, an investigation was made of the dietary intakes of a representative sample of 141 elderly Black women living in adjacent villages, in Western Transvaal. Results are compared with those obtained in 1969 on 43 women in a village in the same region. Energy intake averaged 6% higher, not essentially a significant increase. Fat provided 24% of energy compared with 19% in 1969, and protein, 14% versus 12% in 1969. Maize meal intake fell by a half, being replaced largely by bread, mainly brown. Intake of beans decreased slightly. Intake of vegetables and fruit rose by 40%, and of meat and dairy produce, both very low, by 75% and 20%, respectively. Sugar intake trebled. Changes were associated with significant rises in mean Body Mass Index, serum cholesterol level, and urinary calcium creatinine ratio.

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0952-3871    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-277X.1992.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY