摘要:

Numerical indices for most visible solar features are tabulated on a daily basis. Some indices, such as sunspot number, sunspot area, calcium plage area, etc., have been tabulated for many years. In almost all cases (except for coronal observations which refer only to the limbs) the tabulated indices refer to the entire visible disk or to a central zone whose radius is half the radius of the entire disk. Since many of these solar features tend to be long‐lived, they frequently remain visible for 14 consecutive days, from the time they appear on the western limb until the sun's rotation carries them off the visible dis

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ070i001p00245

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I note with interest the recent papers bySchilling[1964] andMcDonald[1964]. Both of these authors present material that I have been including for a number of years in a graduate course onMeteorology of the Upper Atmosphere. Although I cannot claim originality of the approach, I would like to see the credit given properly to the originator.To the best of my knowledge, the earliest arguments for the exclusion of water clouds in certain regions of the upper terrestrial atmosphere can be attributed to I. A. Khvostikov, whose paper ‘Noctilucent Clouds’ appeared inPriroda, volume 5, pp. 49–59, 1952. As class assignments, I have had several students update the concept by applying Khvostikov's principle to the temperature profile of the ARDC model atmosphere of 1959. The results, of course, are similar to Schilling's Figure 1 and McDonald's Figure 2, although McDonald's figure is far more comprehensive. The only difference between Khvostikov's work and that of Schilling, McDonald, and my students is that Khvostikov overlapped plots of Inpand ‘elasticity of saturated water vapor’ whereas the latter all use saturated vapor pressure; however, the end results are

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ070i001p00247

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ070i001p00248-01

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY