摘要:

The absolute magnetic field was measured from ground level to an altitude of 163 km in this first rocket flight of a proton precessional magnetometer. The change in field with altitude differs significantly from that of a dipole. The field was typically quiet at firing time and an ionospheric discontinuity was not detected.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00277

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The results obtained from a flight with a balloon‐borne infrared spectrometer are described. The spectrometer was designed to scan from the visible to 4.3 microns, but on this flight only the region from the visible to 2.7μ was obtained. In this region, the bands of interest are 1.4μ and 1.9μ H2O bands. Spectra were obtained from the ground to 65,000 feet. The water vapor bands had completely disappeared above 46,000

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00289

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vector expressions are derived for tracing oblique ray paths, taking into account the full effect of the earth's magnetic field. The method is an extended analytical treatment of Poeverlein's two dimensional case based upon crystal optics. In particular, the unit vector S in the direction of the ray and the vector expressions for the equivalent path of the wave packet and the group refractive index are derived. A method for high speed computers is described for ray tracing in a horizontally stratified ionosphere, for determining, by an iteration process, the index of refraction and wave normal direction, and for determining electron‐density distributions from rocket dat

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00301

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rocket ionosphere experiments give the relative delay of a pulsed signal as a function of rocket position. These data are used in an analysis to obtain the electron‐density distribution with respect to height. This analysis, which takes into account the effects of the earth's magnetic field and the obliquity of the ray paths, is for the smooth, horizontally stratified ionosphere. The actual ionosphere, however, has an irregular or “blobby” structure evident in our delay records. The data then must be smoothed over a height interval corresponding roughly to the size of the blobs.The delay data from USAF Aerobee No. 38, which was launched at 1210 hours MST on 26 June 1953, at Holloman Air Development Center, New Mexico, are analyzed for rocket ascent and descent for two frequencies, 4.05 and 4.87 Mc. The electron‐density distribution from rocket descent data for both frequencies are in good agreement and show peaks at 106, 111, 117, and 128 km. For rocket ascent, an intense irregularity apparently was present around 98 km, with a minimum horizontal extension of 3.5 km and a maximum intensity of about 6×104electrons/cm3. TheP′‐frecord taken at launch time compares very well with the electron‐density distribution from

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00315

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper presents the results of comparisons of backscatter echoes, oblique‐incidence pulse reception, and midpoint vertical‐incidence echoes for a 2370‐km path, following an earlier study for a 1150‐km path. An attempt is made to find distinctive characteristics of those backscatter records that afford accurate values of MUF for the 2370‐km path. Some sporadic intermediate‐distance echoes are discussed, and some difficult night records are given. It is shown that present power and antennas are inadequate for obtainingF2‐propagated echoes continuously, except on winter days.It is concluded that the sweep‐frequency backscatter technique is useful for obtaining maximum‐usable‐frequency data for instantaneous or prediction use over inaccessible areas, but that proper antennas and skilled personnel

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00335

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Placing a magnet parallel to a Brunton compass to cancel part of the earth's field at the compass will sensitize it so that field determinations of magnetic polarity of strongly magnetized rocks (for example, basalts) can be made. Late Cenozoic basaltic rocks in northeastern New Mexico do not show consistent direction of magnetization laterally in a single flow or vertically through the stratigraphic column when tested by this method.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00353

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An estimate is made of the effect of externally applied stress upon the remanent magnetic moment of an assembly of multi‐domain magnetite grains. Magnetite is highly magnetostrictive and therefore very sensitive to stress, and it is estimated that remanent moments are changed by about 0.05 per cent per atmosphere of applied linear compression. Moments parallel to the direction of compression are reduced and those perpendicular to it are increased; moments with intermediate orientations are deflected away from the direction of compressio

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00361

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The emission of both 5893 A and 3303 A has been observed from a sodium cloud in the upper atmosphere. The yellow line is at least 100 times more intense than the ultraviolet line. The appearance of the 3303 A line with the observed intensity proves conclusively that the sodium twilight flash results from resonance scattering.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00369

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The respective concentrations of radon, thoron, and their decay products have been measured immediately above the earth and below the ground, and a study of their correlation with meteorological conditions has been carried out.It was found that the concentration of radon and thoron in the vicinity of the earth's surface depends primarily on the dryness of the ground.Measurements at and below the ground level were carried out by an indirect method, collecting the decay products of radon and thoron on the inner surface of an aluminum cylinder charged to −600 volts.From November 16, 1956, to May 7, 1957, 239 experiments were made. It was found that the concentration of thoron below the ground seems to reach a maximum value at a depth of about 75 cm, whereas the concentration of radon shows a continuous increase within the range investigated. Comparison with other experiments shows that the cylinder method can be used for investigating the exhalation of both radon and thoron at the surface of the ground. The mean value obtained for radon is 6×10−18curie per cm2sec. The measurements presented here give the first data on the exhalation of thoron through the air‐soil int

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00373

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An important ionospheric mode for detection of powerful long‐range auroral reflections at Stanford depends upon appropriate tilts in theFlayer to the north. Auroral reflections receivedviathis mode have been reported as originating from prevalent, strongly reflecting ionized structures at great heights, between 300 km and 1,200 km above the surface of the earth. This interpretation is rejected as a plausible explanation of the radio data. An explicit distinction is made between these auroral reflections and newer classes of radio reflections observed at high and middle latitudes arising from field‐aligned ionization in theEandFregi

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JZ063i002p00391

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY