摘要:

A study of mesoscale‐range pressure fluctuations on a large (250‐km) array of microbarographs has shown a correlation of seasonal pressure spectrum levels with horizontal distance to the core of jet‐stream winds. On a long‐term basis, the greatest pressure variance results from occasional synoptic‐scale weather disturbances that are concentrated into short intervals of time (at most a few tens of hours). A lower‐level but more continuous source of pressure background results from waves generated directly by jet‐stream perturbations. These waves correlate in velocity and direction with the jet‐stream winds

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01321

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The lower atmosphere in the vicinity of Eniwetok in the spring of 1958 is modeled as an inversion sloping up to the north and the south from a low point at about 10°N. A theory for the motion of such an inversion is developed. Several waves on this inversion were detected, and continuity was shown from Majuro to Truk (20° of longitude). A forecasting method for such waves is describe

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01330

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Measurements of radioactive particulate Sr90and gaseous excess C14(due to nuclear weapons testing) injected into the stratosphere in 1961–1962 were used to illustrate that particle settling appears to be insignificant on the time scale of a year or so. High C14‐to‐Sr90ratios appear in balloon observations to 30 km at 31°N in 1963 and at later times at aircraft altitudes at 20 km and below over much of the northern hemisphere. This distribution is explained by the contribution of the two large nuclear tests in October 1961 that had low fission yields, injecting large quantities of C14relative to Sr90to great heights in polar regions. High C14‐to‐Sr90ratios also appear in the lower equatorial stratosphere (15 km) and appear to move poleward (at altitudes below 18 km), suggesting a possible meridional c

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01339

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Solutions are found for a finite amplitude gravity wave in a rotating and homogeneous ideal fluid. Pressure is assumed to be hydrostatic, and gradients in one horizontal direction are set equal to zero. A theoretical analysis is made by modifying the nonlinear solution for the nonrotating case. This modification is according to a linear solution for waves in a rotating coordinate system, and it assumes that the rotational effects are small. The analytical solutions are compared with numerical solutions for the complete equations. Results are used to determine the delay in jump formation and the reduction in jump intensity due to rotation. In general, the study shows that both effects are exponentially dependent on the product of the length scale and rate of rotation, and they are inversely proportional to the square of the amplitude of the wave. It is concluded that the dispersion effects of rotation are unimportant in atmospheric situations where hydraulic jump analogies have been proposed.

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01351

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Calculations have been carried out for the spatial distribution of certain residual nuclei produced in thick iron targets bombarded by 1‐ and 3‐Gev protons. Direct comparisons with available experimental results are made, and, in general, the agreement is quite good. In addition, the total production of various nuclei in the entire target and the longitudinal variation of the production of several elements are calcula

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01361

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The radionuclide fractionation appearing in individual hot particles (highly radioactive fallout particles) from the fifth Chinese nuclear explosion of December 28, 1966, which is believed to have been a land surface burst of several hundred kiloton yield, has been investigated by γ‐ray spectrometry. The activities of the ten radionuclides Zr95, Zr97, Mo99, Ru103, I131, Te132, Xe133, Ba140, Ce141, and Np239were determined, and the initial atom numbers of these nuclides contained in each sample were estimated. The fractionation factors defined with respect to Zr95were calculated in order to express the degree of fractionation. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the fission‐product decay chains and are compared with the results formerly obtained on hot particles from air bursts. It was found that there was considerable difference in radiochemical nature between these hot particles from a surface burst and the hot particles from air bursts. Some assumptions about the mechanism of fractionation in fallout particles are presented, although it now seems difficult to understand the mechanism satisfacto

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01374

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The region east of the Philippine Islands and north of New Guinea is the source and the terminus of some very large oceanic currents. The largest outflow is the Equatorial Counter‐current and an inflow nearly as large is the North Equatorial Current. Two lesser currents of like magnitude are the South Equatorial Current inbound and the Kuroshio outboun

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01388

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Spectrums and cross spectrums of 12 hourly mean sea levels and atmospheric pressures at Southport and Morehead City, North Carolina, show that the response of sea level to pressure is nonbarometric in most of the frequency range studied (0–0.5 cycle/day). Cross spectrums between sea levels adjusted to constant atmospheric pressure at the two stations show phase shifts consistent with the hypothesis of continental shelf waves traveling in the direction predicted by theory (southward). There is some evidence of a seasonal variation in wave speed, which may be associated with the seasonal variation in the surface speed of the Gulf Stream. Broad peaks in the sea level spectrums, centered around a period of 15 days, are also thought to be connected with the Gulf Stream current, rather than with atmospheric pressur

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01397

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between wavelength and period in confused seas, specified by a two‐dimensional wave spectrum, has been investigated numerically for different wave spectra, directional spread parameters, and truncation or cutoff frequencies. The relationship was found to be sensitive to variations in the form of the one‐dimensional spectrum and its truncation frequency, and data from visual observations of wavelength and period can be explained by these variati

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01406

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The evidence for multiple strike‐slip displacements of the mid‐ocean rise system in the southwest Pacific is questioned. The concept of mid‐ocean rise migration depending on such evidence is discussed, and it is shown that interpretations involving large‐scale lateral migration (as distinct from axial prolongation) of mid‐ocean rises require careful

ISSN:0148-0227    

DOI:10.1029/JB074i006p01409

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY