摘要:

AbstractThe intention of this article is to clarify the current status of ISO 14001, the internationally accepted voluntary environmental management system (EMS) standard, which is an effective means to generate continuous environmental performance improvement in an organization as well as significant financial benefits such as operational efficiency improvements (e.g., energy and water savings), reduction in environmental risks and liability expenses, protection of corporate asset value, and public image improvements.The number of “ISO 14001” companies in Europe and the Pacific Rim is steadily increasing with customer and governmental pressure as the driving forces. In the United States, ISO 14001 implementation has lagged behind due to the fact that, so far, the EPA has not supported ISO 14001 as being sufficient for guaranteeing a reliable environmental performance record. Most ISO 14001 certified companies in the United States have been driven by overseas demand, particularly in the microelectronics industry because customers in this industry, especially those in Europe, will simply not do business in the future with companies that are not registered to ISO 14001. It is expected that European demand will continue to push ISO 14001 certification in the United States. Six ISO 14001 case studies in the U.S. chemical, electronics, and plastics industries, along with EPA's attitude toward ISO 14001 are described in this article. The case studies contain the reasons, steps taken, costs, benefits, problems, and future trends of ISO 14001 implementation and certificat

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince the adoption of ISO 14001, companies have examined the standard and considered certification. Although the framework is useful and enhancing environmental management systems is beneficial, the adoption of ISO 14001 alone will not provide maximum company benefits. Companies must strive for an improvement in environmental performance and financial performance that can be accomplished only through significant changes in corporate culture, structure, and systems. By developing core capabilities such as skills and knowledge, physical technical systems, managerial systems, and values and norms, companies can develop organizational learning to increase sustainable competitive advantage. This article examines how the ISO 14000 series of standards can be used to improve organizational learning and environmental management.

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMore than 200 years ago, Adam Smith, the founder of modern economics, wrote in the Wealth of Nations that “…consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attention to…that of the consumer.” In recent years, the rapid growth of the world economy has given Adam Smith's maxim new meaning. The age‐old desire for consumption grows unabated and increasing numbers of consumers around the world are attaching new value to the environmental quality of goods and services and expressing concern over the environmental impacts of industrialization. That concern is growing because more than 70 percent of the world's urban population live in areas where the air is seriously polluted and as many as 750,000 people—the majority in developing countries—die each year of ailments caused by air pollution.1Over the past 25 years, corporations throughout the world have made dramatic changes in the way they do business as more people come to understand how the ecological system works and how polluted air and water endanger human health. The key to increasing industry's participation in the drive for higher standards of air quality is the growing realization that effective environmental management, technological development, and technology dissemination are cost‐effective and profitable business strategies. Global competition is making firms around the world more customer‐conscious and, to the extent that consumers demand products that minimize environmental degradation and enhance the quality of their lives, businesses in every industry must respond in order to survive.2This article examines how changes in business practices, driven by a better understanding of how natural environments function, are converging to provide new opportunities for environmental management that go beyond regulatory compliance to reduce air pollution. Although sound and well‐enforced environmental regulations are an essential foundation for improving air quality, command‐and‐control systems alone are unlikely to achieve the lower levels of pollution that will be necessary to achieve sustainable development in the 21st century. In cooperation with government, businesses in every industry can play crucial roles in achieving higher standards of air quality while at the same time maintaining acceptable levels of economic growth. We explore three ways in which corporations can contribute to environmentally sustainable development: (1) by adopting proactive environmental management systems that focus on air pollution prevention; (2) by developing new technologies for air pollution control and reduction; and (3) by transferring air pollution control and prevention technologies through internation

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental Information Services, Inc. (EIS) publishes detailed reports and offers custom research related to the full spectrum of environmental issues facing corporations. In this article, EIS reports on the compliance performance of the Ford Motor Company, focusing on the five key environmental concerns: toxic waste management, air pollution, water pollution, spills, and Superfund.

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDesign for the Environment (DFE) is a systems‐oriented approach for designing more ecologically and economically sustainable product systems. It couples the product development cycle used in business with the physical life‐cycle of a product.DFE integrates environmental requirements into the earliest stages of design so total impacts caused by product systems can be reduced. With DFE practices, environmental, performance, cost, cultural, and legal requirements are balanced. Concepts such as concurrent design, total quality management, cross‐disciplinary teams, and multiattribute decision making are essential elements of DFE.1In this article, the authors show how these DFE initiatives can provide the design and product development teams with the training, information, decision support tools, and procedures that ensure improved product development decisions and environmental perfor

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe streamlined, matrix approach to environmental Life‐Cycle Analysis (LCA) developed originally at AT&T by Graedel and Allenby can be adapted to manufacturing processes to produce a useful tool for Design for the Environment (DFE). Pollution prevention in manufacturing has typically focused on the environmental impact of processes at a manufacturer's site. However, it is important to recognize that a process has a “life cycle,” albeit not precisely like the life cycle associated with a product. Modification of processes can also have upstream and downstream effects. In this article, the authors show how, by using a streamlined LCA matrix, it is possible to evaluate the environmental impact associated with a process over the process's life cycle. This approach also allows managers to allocate resources to improve processes that have greater environmental impact and to assess process improve

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this article, environmental management programs of Standard&Poors (S&P) 500 companies were evaluated using a series of industry and size‐adjusted environmental trend indicators. The statistical analysis shows that a handful of corporate policy, governance, human resources, auditing, and financial parameters are highly relevant to improving corporate environmental performance. The results have implications for corporate environmental efforts as well as future government policies to foster environmental improvemen

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUntil now no structured methodology existed for attuning environmental considerations to the business strategy of companies. The Environmental Competence Centre of Philips Sound&Vision in The Netherlands has developed and tested a methodology for this purpose. This methodology, called Selection of STRrategic Environmen Tal CHallenges (STRETCH), has proven to lead to promising results and should therefore be actively promoted.In this article, the authors show how the application of STRETCH provides the possibility of meeting three main objectives: First, focusing on the incorporation of environmental aspects into the company's business strategy can elicit innovations that may enhance the competitive position of the company by cost reduction and/or higher market shares. Second, the environmental opportunities and threats to be expected in the future can be anticipated in an earlier phase. Through this proactive approach a company can avoid external criticism and take the lead in environmental priority setting. Third, by applying the STRETCH methodology even higher eco‐efficiencies are expected to be reached than through incremental, step‐by‐step environmental improve

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1088-1913    

DOI:10.1002/tqem.3310070111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY