摘要:

SUMMARYThe fourth component of human complement (C4) is coded for by two homologous genes, C4A and C4B, located in the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Genetic typing of C4A and B alleles is routinely carried out by high‐voltage agarose gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic C4 polymorphism can be further subdivided by the Rodgers (Rg) and Chido (Ch) blood groups, which are antigenic determinants of the C4A and B alpha‐chains, respectively. We have used a recently described direct PCR typing method using sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) in combination with electrophoretic C4 typing as well as genomic RFLP analysis to determine the frequency of C4 allotypes, Rg/Ch subtypes and C4A‐B haplotypes in a family study of the German population. As the current C4 allele designation does not provide any information about the presence or absence of Rodgers and Chido antigens, we have developed an extension to the existing C4 nomenclature. This revised allele designation combines the exisiting numerical allotypes defined by electrophoretic mobility with eight subtypes (01–08) based on Rg/Ch PCR genotyping results. Using this approach, most electrophoretic allotypes could be subdivided. Among the C4A allotypes, the most common allele was A*0301 (59.9%), and the most common subtype among all electrophoretic allotypes was 01 (85.1%; = Rg1,2‐positive, Ch‐negative). For C4B, the most common allele was B*0101 (64.3%), and the most common subtype was 01 (79.6%; = Ch1,2,3,4,5,6‐positive, Rg‐negative). The subtypes 03, 04, 07 and 08 of the C4A allotypes, and the subtypes 03, 07 and 08 of the C4B allotypes, were not detected in this study. The analysis of duplicated C4 alleles revealed considerable heterogeneity of their subtypes. The results demonstrate that all known C4 allotypes can now be assigned unambiguously, which facilitates the identification of MHC haplotypes relevant for transplantation and disease

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSingle‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) has been developed as a method for detecting the presence of mutations in a segment of DNA. We applied it to the subtyping of the DR11 group of alleles. The SSCP patterns of DRB1‐DR52 group‐specific products were defined in cell lines representing the DRB1*1101‐06 alleles, using non‐denaturing acrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Only one set of gel electrophoresis conditions was able to discriminate the DR11 alleles tested. The protocol was validated in an analysis of 105 DR11‐positive individuals previously typed by oligonucleotides probing. The study demonstrates the suitability of the SSCP technique to define the DRB1*1101‐06 alleles, the technique being particularly valuable in confirming and extending the oligotyping of DRB1‐DR52 heter

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disorder, which is characterized by the accumulation of activated CD4+T lymphocytes (T cells) at disease sites. There is up‐regulation of cell surface expression of MHC molecules in sarcoidosis, and it has been suggested that specific MHC class II alleles are associated with the disease. A study of chronic beryllium disease (CBD), a granulomatous disorder which is pathologically similar to sarcoidosis, has identified an association between this disease and the presence of a glutamine residue at position 69 (Glu 69+) of the B1 chain of the HLA‐DPB molecule. A further study also suggested the importance of Glu at position 55 of the same chain. The aims of the present study were to attempt to define MHC class II alleles associated with sarcoidosis by comparison of their frequency in two groups of subjects and to compare the frequency of HLA‐DPB1 Glu 69+/– and Glu 55+/– alleles in the same subjects. Forty‐one subjects with sarcoidosis and 76 normal subjects were studied. The polymorphic regions of the class II MHC were identified by PCR in association with sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes. There were no significant differences in the phenotype frequencies of MHC class II or Glu 55+ alleles between the two groups of subjects. However, there was a significant increase (P= 0.02) in the frequency of HLA‐DPB1* Glu 69+ alleles compared with the control population. We therefore suggest that the presence of a Glu residue at position 69 on the DPB1 chain may play an important role in antigen presentation and recognition in chronic granulo

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe T‐cell receptor β locus (TCRB) on chromosome 7q35 was studied as a candidate region for genetic susceptibility to type 1 insulin‐dependent diabetes (IDDM). A highly polymorphic microsatellite marker mapping to theTCRBV6.7gene and aTCRB C‐region RFLP were used to genotype the members of a total of 21 multiplex IDDM families from two different geographical areas. There was no evidence to support linkage to either of these markers with IDDM, and conventional two‐point analysis excluded linkage to the telomeric end of theTCRBcomplex, in the region of the highly informativeTCRBV6.7marker. There was significant linkage of IDDM to the class IIHLA‐Dlocus with significant lod scores>3.0 obtained for theHLA‐DRB1andHLA‐DQB1genes. Affected sib‐pair (ASP) and transmission disequilibrium (TDT) association tests confirme

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn the context of studies on the expression ofMhcCyca‐Zsequences of the common carp, PCR amplifications of exon 4 were performed on cDNA obtained from pooled thymi of 20 carp F1 individuals. Five recombinant clones (Cyca‐TC3, ‐TC13, ‐TC15, ‐TC17 and ‐TC18) were found to be 96% similar to the exon 4 region ofCyca‐ZA1. Each of the five sequences was unique, and differed in a few positions in both the nucleotide and the derived amino acid sequences from any of theCyca‐Zsequences known to date. These data suggest that multiple Z genes per locus are present in the carp, which are transcribed in the thymus. In the course of analysing the amplifiedCyca‐Zsequences, serendipity yielded a clone,Cyca‐TC16, containing a class I‐like sequence substantially different from any other carp class I sequence. The predicted amino acid sequence ofCyca‐TC16 was most similar to the class I genes (Lach‐U) from the coelacanth (42–46% amino acid identity).Cyca‐TC16 contains three conserved β2‐microglobulin contact residues, and the secondary structure was predicted by computer algorithms to be similar to that of the α3 domain ofHLA‐A2. Phylogenetic analysis shows that carp class I sequences reside in four distinct clusters: (i)Cyca‐Z, Cyca‐TC3, ‐TC13, ‐TC15, ‐TC17 and ‐TC18 together withCaau‐Zfrom ginbuna crucian carp, (ii)Cyca‐UwithBree‐U(zebrafish) andSasa‐p30 (Atlantic salmon),

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe report on a kidney transplant recipient experiencing an unexpected early acute vascular graft rejection. Retrospective analysis of patient serum samples, utilizing a new ELISA HLA screening technique, revealed that the rejection crisis and the subsequent graft loss were due to a pretransplant donor‐specific pre‐sensitization caused by a non‐complement‐fixing antibody of IgG2 class. The case illustrates the clinical significance of non‐complement‐fixing anti‐HLA antibodies. In addition it is shown that ELISA methods are suitable for detecting potentially harmful donor pre‐sensitization in waiting‐list patients not detectable by standard lymphocytotoxicity techniques. Hence ELISA could be an alternative to flow cytometry for this purpose. It is concluded that screening and cross‐matching techniques which detect non‐complement‐fixing anti‐HLA antibodies could improve graft outcome, and should form part of the immunological monitoring of kidney transpl

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY