摘要:

SummaryThe major erythrocyte membrane (MN) sialoglycoprotein in Mgred cells was found to exhibit a slightly decreased sodium‐dodecyl‐sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic molecular weight and periodic acid/Schiff staining intensity. Mgantigen activity was shown to be associated with this molecule. As judged from chemical modification experiments, no carbohydrate but the glycoprotein's N‐terminal amino acid is involved in the Mgreceptor site. The endgroup of the glycoprotein was found to leucine and studies involvingStaphylococcus aureusV8 protease suggest that a glutamic acid is located at the fitth position of its peptide chain. This indicates that theMgsgene complex evolved from a mutation of anNsallele. An amino acid substitution or deletion at the second, third and/or fourth position(s), preventing the glycosylation of all or some of these amino acids, provides an explanation for the properties of Mgerythro

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00745.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease is thought to be related to antithyrotropin receptor (TSH‐R) antibodies. In order to study the degree of immunogenetic homogeneity of these antibodies, we carried out Gm typing of ‘receptor‐purified’ IgG from patients with active Graves' disease and controls. The results were compared to those of serum, total IgG and IgG which failed to attach to TSH‐R. We found that in five out of seven Gm heterozygote patients studied the receptor‐purified antibodies were restricted to the products of one haplotype compared to three out of five similar controls. Such eluted antibodies were biologically active. Similar results in terms of immunogenetic restriction and activity were obtained when F(ab)2preparations were used. An unexpected finding was that sera and IgG from normal persons attached to thyroid membranes and that the attachment occurred via F(ab)2. Normal whole serum and ‘receptor‐purified’ IgG and F(2inhibited TSH binding in the receptor assay; however, this inhibition showed no spec

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00746.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUp to 70% of mouse spleen cells expressing H‐2Kkalloantigens reacted with the monoclonal anti‐H‐2Kkantibody 11‐4.1 in an indirect rosetting assay. When the cells that rosetted with the monoclonal antibody 11‐4.1 were removed by density centrifugation, the residual unreactive cells reacted with the polyclonal anti‐H‐2Kkalloantiserum D23 but not with the monoclonal antibody 11‐4.1 indicating the existence of two cell populations. In sequential immunoprecipitation experimens, the glycoprotein fraction of NP40 extracts from H‐2Kkcells, after removal of antigens reacting with the monoclonal antibody 11‐4.1 still contained structures reactive with the alloantiserum. Therefore, there are at least two antigenically distinct H‐2Kkmolecules which are differentially expressed on two subpopula

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00747.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGenetic analysis of susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was performed in guinea‐pigs. The results indicate the existence of twoIrgenes to EAE in susceptible strain 13 guinea‐pigs. One gene is linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of this species, while the other one is located outside the MHC. The two genes segregate independently and both of them must be expressed to render the animal susceptible to

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00748.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe red cells of a normal male blood donor, K.S., were first grouped as B but he was found to lack anti‐A in his serum. Closer investigation revealed that his red cells had very weak A activity, demonstrable only by absorption and elution of anti‐A. He is a non‐secretor of ABH and a secretor of Lea. Blood groupA‐, BandH‐gene specified glycosyltransferases were detected in his serum. In contrast to the finding of a B antigen of normal strength on his red cells, theBtransferase in his serum was only about 30% of the normal level and, despite the very weak A activity of K.S.'s red cells, theAtransferase level was about 50% of that found in the serum of group A individuals with normal strength of A antigen. Moreover, theAtransferase on the basis of its pH optimum, Km values for donor and acceptor substrates, activation by divalent cations, isoelectric focusing profile and capacity to convert O to A‐active cells, was characterized as the product of an A1gene. A family study showed that K.S.'s wife is group A2and that they have two sons, one group A2and the other group B. The group B son is assumed to have inherited aBgene from the propositus but the level ofBtransferase in the son's serum is three times as high as that in his father's serum. The wife of the propositus and his groupA2son have normal A2transferases in keeping with their A2red cell status. The A2son therefore appears to have inherited an A2gene from his mother but neither the A1nor theBgene shown to be carried by his father. The distribution of transferase activities in K.S.'s red cells differs from that in his serum. A level ofBtransferase within the normal range was found in his red cell membranes but a very low level ofAtransferase was detected. The discrepancies between the serum transferases and ABO‐red cell group, together with the pattern of inheritance within the family, led to a suspicion of chimaerism. This was confirmed by the finding of fibroblasts with the female 46XX karyotype in cultures of the propositus' skin. These results suggest that K.S. is a dispermic chimaera with two different cell lines of the genotypesBOand A1Oor A1A1. The group A2son is assumed to have inherited anOgene from his father. It seems probable that K.S.'s bone marrow and reproductive organs are comprised predominantly of the XY cell line which carries the blood groupBOgenotype whereas his skin and other tissues which contribute theA1transferase to his plasma, are partly made up of the XX cell line which carries the blood groupA1Oo

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00749.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNZB mice bearing the CBA/N X chromosome linked defect were generated by repetitive backcrossing and selection of theXldgene. The male offspring resulting from the cross of NZB with CBA/N were selected as being XldY on the basis of sera IgM and IgG3levels and responsiveness to DNP‐Lys‐Ficoll. Following this inbreeding protocol, 6th generation backcross NZB XldY mice were compared to littermate controls with respect to B cell function. Sera immunoglobulin levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2band IgA were similar in XldY and XY mice. In contrast, levels of IgM and IgG3, from XldY mice were approximately 15% and 50%, respectively, of values found in littermates. Furthermore, XldY mice failed to respond to DNP‐Lys‐Ficoll and had less than 3% splenic Lyb 5.1‐bearing cells. Splenic immunoglobulin cell surface profiles, obtained by the fluorescent activated cell sorter, indicated a significant reduction in the frequency of Ig bearing cells in Xldanimals. Such profiles were similar to those obtained for spleen cells from reference control CBA/N mice. Finally, an elevated number of splenic, lymph node and bone marrow background and lipopolysaccharide‐induced B cell clones in semi‐solid phase agar was found in NZB but not C57BL/6, C3H, BALB/c and DBA/2 controls. In contrast, NZB XldY mice had virtually no detectable B cell colonies. This data, obtained on significantly inbred XldY NZB mice, suggests that theXidgene is dominant over several aspects of polyclonal B cell activation in NZB mice and indicates that serial observation of these mice will be valuable in understanding the interactions of genetic immunologic mutations and cellular function in

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe cellular basis of B.2‐associated unresponsiveness in the guinea‐pig MLC has been investigated. Macrophage‐enriched and macrophage‐depleted lymphoid cells were treated with alloantisera and complement and the ability of these antiserum‐treated cell populations to present alloantigens to T lymphocytes investigated. It was found that B.2‐specific suppressor cells can be eliminated from macrophage‐depleted but not from macrophage‐enriched stimulator cells with anti‐B.2 serum and complement. By contrast, antiserum directed against allodeterminants on responding cells had no detectable influence on the MLC. Nylon wool column‐purified B.2‐specific T cells but not B.1‐specific T cells, suppress the MLC between B.1‐positive (stimulator cells) and B.2‐positive (responding cells) lymphoid cells. Furthermore, anti‐B.2 serum‐treated column‐purified B.2‐specific T cells lose their ability to suppress the MLC reaction. It is concluded that B.2‐specific MLC suppressor cells are T cells which are sensitive to lysis by alloan

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFive human teratoma cell lines have been characterized for the presence of a certain number of marker antigens whose presence or absence has been shown to be characteristic of mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. Four out of the five lines have been shown to respond to at least some of the criteria associated with murine EC cells even though only limitedin vitrodifferentiation could be demonstrated. The significance of certain unusual marker antigen combinations present on the cell line Tera I and its clones and so far unobserved for the murine model is discussed. The observation in Tera I populations of cells carrying simultaneously both the F9 and β2‐microglobulin or HLA antigens, suggest that the human cell lines may represent a novel material for the study of mammalian differentiati

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrinciples of Gene Manipulation. Studies in Microbiology

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1981.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY