摘要:

SUMMARYNew findings on the detection of alien histocompatibility antigens (AHA) on tumour cells are reviewed. Three points are discussed, namely: (1) isolation and molecular characterization of AHA; (2) frequency of expression of AHA by tumour cells, and (3) mechanisms of expression of AHA. Mechanisms of expressions of AHA are particularly discussed in the light of the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular genetic organization of H‐2 antigens. Gene conversion involving coding or non‐coding sequences might be responsible for the appearance of unexpected H‐2 determinants on cancer

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA recombinant haplotype between the class I and class II major histocompatibility loci of inbred miniature swine has made it possible to study the role of the corresponding antigens inin vitroandin vivoimmune responses. Before examining the effects of selectiveSLAlocus matching on allograft survival, it was deemed necessary to determine the corresponding effects onin vitroparameters of immunity. The results presented in this paper indicate that: (1) a difference at the class II loci was required for a maximal proliferative response which depended on the haplotype combination used; (3) in cell‐mediated cytoxicity assays, the class I antigens were found to be the primary targets for lysis. Although optimal CTL generation required the presence of both class I and class II antigen differences, CTL were sometimes generated in the absence of a known class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II matched cells could be augmented by the addition of third party, class I matched, class II mismatched, stimulator cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the conservation of function of antigen class between species. They also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. They, also provide further evidence for the two‐signal hypothesis of CTL generation. Thus, MHC recombinant swine provide a model for the study of the effect of antigen class onin vitroandin vivoimmunobi

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe relationship between the ability of female inbred mice to produce an anti‐paternal humoral immune response to allogeneic multiparity and the genotype of the female and male strains has been investigated. Only three, allH‐2bhaplotype strains, were ‘responder’ strains and produced anti‐paternal alloantibody which did not exhibit C'‐dependent cytotoxicity. ‘Non‐responder’ strains produced no alloantibody in spite of multiple pregnancies with H‐2 and non‐H‐2 incompatible male strains. However, even responder strains did not produce alloantibody with all incompatible male strains. The absence of a response in a responder strain mated with a male strain differing at only theH‐2locus implicated a role for non‐H‐2 influences. A study of the specificityo of pregnancy‐induced alloantibody suggested that this represented only a fraction of the total alloantibody population induced by conventional immunization in the same strain combination. It is suggested that in pregnancy only the anti non‐H‐2 humoral responses remain similar to those induced by immunization, whereas anti‐H‐2 humoral responses are either absent or are restricted to a fraction of the total foreign H‐2 specificities presented. These observations are discussed in relation to the nature of the immunogenic stimulus in pregnancy and the expression of histocompatib

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMonoclonal anti‐Ia inhibition experiments were conducted to confirm and extend genetic mapping data ofI‐Agene control of immunity to human haemoglobin (Hb). It was found that theAβgene is of critical importance in conferring immunity to the α‐chain and β‐chain subunits of Hb. A possible involvement ofI‐Eregion genes in B10.D2 mice to β‐chain is discussed. Through the use of an α‐chain specific T cell clone data, is obtained indicating that an intact Ia.8+Aβchain is necessary for antigen p

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn order to determine the cell type responsible for the antigen‐binding reaction in the bone marrow and spleen of mice, cells derived from purein vitroderived colonies of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophage‐megakaryocytes and B lymphocytes were tested for their ability to bind fluorescent protein antigens. Only B lymphocytes bound antigen. An unexpectedly high percentage of bone marrow B lymphocytes (20%) bound a given antigen. This frequency was considerably higher than that found for spleen cells. As might be expected from such high binding frequencies, some cells bound two fluorchromated antigens when these are added together. As a direct test of the clonality of antigen binding to bone marrow B lymphocytes, whole colonies of B cells were tested for antigen binding of two non‐cross‐reacting protein antigens. The frequency of antigen‐binding clones, including double antigen‐binding clones, reflects exactly the frequencies observed for dispersed colony B cells and forin vivoderived Ig‐bearing bone marrow B cells. The frequency of double antigen‐binding colonies was equal to the product of the frequencies of the colonies binding each of the two antigens alone. No ‘mixed’ colonies containing single binding cells for each antigen were found. Thus, the ability to bind any two given antigens is a clonally distributed property of the bone marrow B lymphocyte population. Heterogenous receptors for multiple antigen binding on each cell are either randomly distributed among the B cell population, or homogenous antigen‐binding receptors on each cell have a random chance of cross‐reaction with

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn order to determine the specificity of antigen binding by double antigen‐binding lymphocytes obtained from mouse bone marrow and spleen, three types of experiments were performed (1) a high excess of unlabelled antigen was tested for its ability to inhibit the binding of unrelated antigen to both single and double antigen‐binding cells; (2) polyvalent anti‐mouse immunoglobulin was assessed for its ability to inhibit antigen binding; and (3) the ability of one antigen to co‐cap (or codistribute) with either another antigen or antiimmunoglobulin was studied to determine the spatial relationship of these components on the cell membrane. In order to study an adequate number of double ABC, these cells were enriched by using NIP‐specific ABC as a starting population. The data indicate that double antigen binding occurs via independent immunoglobulin cell surface receptors which can be spatially separated from one another under appropriate capping c

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYNeonatal spleen populations have been studied for antigen‐binding capacity in an attempt to determine if the frequency of double antigen‐binding cells changes as the population matures. Just after birth, the frequencies of total ABC, double ABC and Ig‐bearing cells were similar to the frequencies seen in the adult bone marrow. During the first week after birth, the proportion of total ABC and Ig‐bearing cells rose sharply so that by 8 days after birth, these cells were about half of adult levels. The proportion of total double ABC, after a brief rise at day 1, remained constant throughout the test period. Thus, the proportion of total ABC which are doubles gradually decreases with age. Sedimentation velocity studies indicate that double ABC's tend to co‐sediment with cells which require a period of maturation before they can respond to a thymus‐independent antigen in irradiated hosts. Single ABC, on the other hand, tend to co‐sediment with cells which are immediately responsive to antigen, or require a shorter maturational period before they become responsive to antigen. All of these data, taken together with our other work, suggest the possibility that multiple ABC are clonally‐derived lymphocyte populations which become more restricted in their antigen‐binding capaci

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThymic immunosuppression in adultXenopus laevis laevis, the South African clawed toad, is antigen‐dependent and antigen‐specific, but it is not genetically restricted. In this report, we show that combinationin vitrowith a thymus from an immunizedXenopus laevis laeviscan suppress antibody production to a hapten from spleen fragments, if the spleen fragments are derived from a subspecies ofXenopus laevisor a species ofXenopuswhich shares the same diploid chromosome number (2N = 36). Some aspects of the evolution of thymic immunosuppression are considered in the light of these resu

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Revies in this ArticleM. KIMURA: Molecular Evolution, Protein Polymorphism and the Neutral Theory.B. ROIZMAN: The Herpesvirus

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1744-3121    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-313X.1984.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY