摘要:

Both methods of hypothermic preservation of kidneys currently used clinically have been and continue to be useful procedures for the transplant surgeon. Each method has its limitations, benefits, and potential detriments. Which method is best is not a fully resolved question and the method of choice appears to be dependent upon, to a large extent, personal preference and circumstances.There is, however, a vital need for long-term kidney preservation. Obtaining this goal will most likely require carefully controlled experimental studies linking the biochemical and physiological aspects of organ metabolism at hypothermia to the design of perfusates, perfusion machine technology, and drug therapy. Improvements in perfusion preservation methodology based on sound basic data rather than by serendipity appears to offer the best opportunity for obtaining good quality long-term preservation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of antibodies to the rat leukocyte-common (LC) antigen in the immunosuppression induced by antilymphocyte serum (ALS) was tested in two ways. First, two batches of rabbit antisera to purified rat LC antigen and a conventional rabbit anti-rat thoracic duct lymphocyte serum (ALS) were compared for their ability to suppress the rejection of LEW (RT11) kidney grafts transplanted to DA (RT1a) recipients. All three sera were able to suppress rejection completely. However, when the amount of lymphocyte-binding immunoglobulin necessary for effective immunosuppression was compared, the anti-LC sera were found to be 10-fold weaker than the conventional ALS. In the second experiment the conventional ALS was depleted of its anti-LC antibodies by incubating with pure LC antigen, and this was found not to diminish its immunosuppressive potency. It was concluded that anti-LC antibodies do not contribute significantly to the immunosuppressive potency of conventional ALS. This is despite the fact that anti-LC antibodies constituted 48% of the antibodies in the ALS used in the immunosuppression experiments, and in six other batches of ALS the proportion of anti-LC antibodies ranged from 25 to 49%. Because only a small component of the nonanti-LC antibodies are directed at leukocyte-specific antigens, it is concluded that the immunosuppressive properties of ALS are mediated by a minor component of the serum directed at as yet undefined antigens. In additional experiments, a mouse monoclonal antibody to the rat LC antigen, a mouse monoclonal antibody (W3/13) to a rat T lymphocyte-brain-granulocyte antigen, and rabbit antisera to pure rat Thy-1 were tested for their ability to suppress kidney graft rejection, but none had any effect at all, even in large doses.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Uncultured mouse islet allografts (BALB/c to CBA) are rejected 2 to 4 weeks after transplantation. Allografts, cultured in 95% O2and 5% CO2for 7 days before transplantation, show no sign of rejection up to 3 months post-transplantation. However, the cultured allografts are rejected if the CBA recipient is given an i.v. injection of 105peritoneal cells at the time of transplantation. Organ culture of BALB/c fetal pancreas (16 to 17 days gestation) under the same conditions failed to prevent allograft rejection. The immunogenicity of fetal pancreas is reduced if this tissue is cultured in 95% O2and 5% CO2for 17 days before transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Nonsensitized (DA × PVG/c) F1hybrid female rats regularly accepted male skin isografts. However, almost all F1females sensitized with male F1bone marrow cells rejected male skin isografts. Spleen cells taken from sensitized F1females, either before or after the rejection of male skin isografts, conferred resistance against graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions produced in F1females by parental PVG/c lymph node cells, but only when the cell donors were male.Repeated injection with bone marrow cells from F1males failed to cause rejection of established male skin grafts by F1females. Additional male skin grafts transferred after bone marrow cell injection were also retained. However, if established male skin isografts had been deliberately removed from F1females before injection of male bone marrow cells, subsequently placed male skin grafts were rejected. Neither spleen cells collected from F1females bearing established male skin isografts after repeated injection with male bone marrow cells, nor spleen cells obtained from F1females that had received four consecutive male skin isografts were observed to confer resistance against GVH reactions produced by male PVG/c lymph node cells in F1female recipients. Splenectomy of prospective F1female recipients did not confer on them the capacity to reject male skin isografts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

H-2 substitutions on the B6 and AKR backgrounds have been found to decrease allograft resistance to the embryonal carcinoma cell line F9. (C57BL/6 × B6.AK-H-2k) F1and (C57BL/6 × AKR.B6-H-2b) F1animals show resistance intermediate to that of the respective parental strains and this result, along with that from F2analyses, suggests that the resistance differential in each congenic pair is under the control of a single semidominant locus. In the C57BL/6 congenic pair, the locus has been shown to lie outside of the H-2, Qua2/3, PGK-2 region of the 17th chromosome.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relevance of matching for the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) for renal allograft survival was evaluated in a dog model. Kidney recipients were treated with a standard regimen of immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, 2 mg/kg body wt, and prednisolone, 1 mg/kg body wt, daily i.v.) after transplantation. In seven of the eight SD- and LD-identical beagle littermate donor-recipient pairs (DRPs), and in all seven SD- and LD-identical beagle nonlittermate DRPs, kidney function remained normal for the period of 150 days during which immunosuppressants were given. Of the 8 beagle littermate DRPs differing in one haplotype and all 25 unrelated mismatched mongrel DRPs, kidney function deteriorated during immunosuppressive therapy, and most of the recipients died eventually from graft rejection. Thus, it seems that, in moderately immunosuppressed dogs, non-DLA incompatibilities rarely, if ever, cause rejection, whereas DLA incompatibilities almost always do so. The data differ from those obtained in a previous study in nonimmunosuppressed dogs, in which non-DLA incompatibilities seemed to be as strong as DLA incompatibilities in this respect.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Skin allografting was performed in rhesus monkeys to study the influence of matching for products of the RhLA region and of various other parameters. As expected, the longest mean survival times (MSTs) were observed when donors were RhLA-identical siblings; the MST seemed a bit shorter when grafts from at least two RhLA-nonidentical siblings were simultaneously present.Matching for RhLA-A and B locus antigens was studied in RhLA-haploidentical and in unrelated combinations; in both categories, the MST was about 12 days if there were no A or B antigen disparities, 10 days if there was one A or B disparity, and about 9 days for two or more disparities. A positive effect of matching for D/DR antigens and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) nonresponsiveness between host and donor was questionable; additional data are required to confirm the minor beneficial effect observed.With regard to the sex of donors and recipients, female recipients rejected skin allografts more rapidly than did males in related and unrelated combinations. In this respect, females with a known or possible history of pregnancy were not different from nulliparous animals. A possible influence of donor sex on skin allograft survival remained equivocal.The i.v. administration of donor-specific antigen before skin grafting led to a significant prolongation of the MST; in the majority of combinations with prolonged graft survival, B cell-specific antibodies were demonstrable in the recipients' sera. An “enhancing” influence of such antibodies is possible, although the available data do not prove such an effect.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lymphocytotoxic alloantibodies have been recognized in primiparous mare sera and colostra using the two-step microcytotoxicity test. The antigens detected on the leukocyte membrane do not occur on the erythrocytes. After testing on a cell panel from unrelated horses, absorptions with leukocytes were carried out. The subsequent retesting of the serum reagents on a cell panel including cells from 24 families rendered possible a grouping of preliminary monospecific reagents characterizing 18 antigen specificities on the cell membrane.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mono- and oligospecific lymphocytotoxic alloantibodies from primiparous mares were tested on cells from horse families of various breeds in the two-step microcytotoxicity assay. The results showed that the detected antigens were inherited codominantly and autosomally as simple Mendelian traits. The membrane antigens showed different linkage with one or more other antigens and seem to be coded by a limited number of loci (at least three) from one chromosome. In the families tested one recombinant for the serologically defined antigens was recognized. The mixed leukocyte reactions of cells from horse families compared with the serologically recognized antigens showed that the two systems are inherited with the same chromosome. A homozygote for both antigen systems was recognized in a family.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID