摘要:

Sera obtained from kidney transplant recipients at various times after the graft were investigated for the presence of cytotoxic antibodies to B and T human lymphoid cells and for their ability to inhibit mixed lymphocyte reaction between allogeneic lymphocytes. More than 50% of sera from 35 such patients contained cytotoxic antibodies to B lymphocytes and 27 of 33 sera blocked mixed lymphocyte reaction by 25 to 75%. A statistically significant association between the presence of cytotoxic antibodies to B cells and the ability to block the mixed lymphocyte reaction was found in the group of patients with functioning grafts. However, the presence of cytotoxic antibodies to B lymphocytes did not correlate with the outcome of the graft.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Preimmunization of BN recipients with 1 ml of WAG/Rij blood 7 days before grafting led to accelerated rejection of WAG/Rij hearts in 5 days (normal, 8 to 9 days) and of (WAG/Rij → BN)F1hearts in 7 to 11 days (normal, 9 to 11 days). Preimmunization with mixtures of 1 ml of WAG/Rij blood and 0.25 ml of BN anti-WAG/Rij serum (antidonor serum) prevented the accelerated rejection in the WAG/Rij to BN combination and even led to prolonged graft survival. However, using the (WAG/Rij → BN)F1as donor, this pretreatment led to accelerated rejection as well as prolonged graft survival. Preimmunization of BN recipients with 1 ml of WAG/Rij blood and antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes gave more consistent results; WAG/Rij hearts were normally rejected, whereas (WAG/Rij → BN)F1grafts survived for 13 to 16 days. Treatment of preimmunized BN rats with antidonor serum or Ag-Ab complexes after grafting did not abolish the effect of sensitization in the WAG/Rij → BN combination. In the (WAG/Rij → BN)F1to BN combination, these treatments resulted in graft survival times of 4 to 13 and 11 to >50 days, respectively. In most experimental groups, Ag-Ab complexes were more potent as an immunoregulatory agent than was antidonor serum.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Results obtained using a modified rosette inhibition assay with human and monkey lymphocytes were compared. The monkey lymphocytes tended to yield lower titers against a series of antithymocyte globulin preparations. Titers or relative rosette inhibition activities obtained with monkey lymphocytes correlated more poorly with skin graft prolongation in monkeys than assays using human lymphocytes in previous studies.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Female inbred Fischer (F344) rats were grafted with kidneys from female BN rats. Humoral antibodies in some of the recipients were demonstrated as early as 3 days after transplantation: (1) antibodies bound to the graft were detected by mixed agglutination tests with graft sections and erythrocytes of the donor as indicator cells; (2) lytic and agglutinating antibodies against donor strain erythrocytes were demonstrated in the recipients' sera by hemolysis in agar gel and dextran hemagglutination tests; and (3) similar antibodies secreted by a significant number of cells were detected in the recipients' spleens by plaque assay. The antibody response of the recipients was directed against a single antigen, designated N, which was shown to be present on erythrocytes of 57% of Fischer strain rats and was shared by erythrocytes of all rat strains tested (BN, Lewis, Wistar, ACI, MAXX, and Buffalo). The N antigen did not seem to belong to any known rat histocompatibility antigen system. Segregation of the gene coding for this antigen within the Fischer strain would indicate residual genetic heterogeneity. Evidence was presented that this antigen is present not only on erythrocytes, but also on other cells including splenocytes.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Isolated rat liver was studied before, during, and after hypothermic perfusion at 5 C for 24, 48, or 72 hr with an acellular perfusate consisting of 7% bovine serum albumin in Kreb-Ringer buffer containing glucose, penicillin, and streptomycin. Bile production ceased at 5 C but resumed when the temperature was raised to 35 C. The rate of flow and the total amount produced were unaffected by 24 hr of hypothermia but decreased when the cooling period was extended to 48 and 72 hr. The data of other workers was used to show a correlation between bile flow and oxygen consumption by the liver. Cooling also caused the release of potassium into the perfusate but it was quickly reaccumulated after rewarming; however, the extent and rate of reaccumulation decreased as the cooling period increased, as did the ability of the livers to retain the ion. Urea synthesis did not cease after cooling and after rewarming, the rate of synthesis increased as the period of hypothermia was lengthened. The maximum concentration of urea in the perfusate was found when rewarmed livers had produced 200 μmol of urea but at this point, control livers had produced 280 μmol. The concentration of glucose in the perfusate of livers maintained at 35 C showed peaks at 2 and 9 to 10 hr after the start of perfusion. After cooling for 24 hr these peaks arose at 2 and 7 hr after rewarming, but with 48 hr of hypothermia, these peaks were higher and appeared at 2 and 4 hr. When the cooling period was extended to 72 hr, only a single peak was seen 2 hr after rewarming. These results suggest that rat liver can be cooled to 5 C for 24 hr with little effect on its functional characteristics but a marked decline becomes apparent when the cooling period is extended beyond 24 hr. None of the livers studied was transplanted after perfusion and it remains to be seen how the functional tests conducted in vitro correlate with the ability of the livers to support life.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of thymectomy (performed on 7− to 8-day old larvae) on the development of alloimmunity in the clawed toad is examined. Rejection of first-set skin grafts applied in larval life (30 days of age) and at intervals following metamorphosis (70 to 370 days of age) was always impaired following thymectomy. However, most of the thymectomized animals, even those grafted as larvae and blocked in the larval state by thiourea treatment, were able to destroy the transplants, albeit with prolonged rejection times. The pattern of graft rejection in thymectomized larvae was similar to that seen in adults. After thymectomy, there seemed to be no improvement or impairment of the alloimmune response with the passage of time. Experiments with second-set grafts applied subsequent to first-set destruction demonstrated the existence of an alloimmune memory component throughout ontogeny in both control and thymectomized animals. The results indicate that a population of cells involved in graft rejection develops early in ontogeny, independent of the thymus and the emergence of bone marrow at metamorphosis.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two equine antithymocyte globulin preparations were studied with respect to their relative rosette inhibition activity after storage at 4 and 25 C. After storage at 4 C for 48 months no activity loss was observed; 25 C storage resulted in fragmentation and eventual loss of relative rosette inhibition activity. A third preparation was studied by monkey skin graft prolongation. During a 1-year period, there was no loss of immuno-suppressive activity as measured by this method and the rosette inhibition assay.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The relationship of F1hybrid to parental strain cardiac allograft rejection rates to mixed lymphocyte reactivity in vitro has been studied in 10 strain combinations crossing the major histocompatibility barrier in three different models of acute rejection, accelerated or hyperacute rejection after skin graft immunization, and attempted active enhancement using 107donor strain bone marrow cells. Although high and low reactivity could be discerned between the F1hybrid and reciprocal parental strain in three of five instances in the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture reaction, low reactivity was only associated with prolonged graft survival in one combination. Two strain combinations giving high in vitro lymphocyte responses were associated with easily enhanced grafts. The BN strain was a low responder in vitro in the three combinations tested and as a recipient strain, allografts could not be actively enhanced. After skin graft presensitization, BN recipients rejected grafts hyperacutely in two of three combinations and with a median survival time of 2 days in the third combination. The association of poor in vitro proliferative responses, the inability to induce enhancement, and rapid graft rejection after skin graft presensitization could be related to genetic mechanisms controlling the amount and class or subclass of antibody or to the generation of suppressor cells and remains to be determined.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID