ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA microcytotoxicity assay was used to search for cell-mediated cytotoxicity, serum-blocking factors, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against fibroblasts of donor origin in 19 human renal allograft recipients. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC) were frequently cytotoxic when they were obtained within 6 days prior to rejection, following sustained rejections, and within 1 month after removal of rejected grafts, but the toxicity was usually nonspecific. Recipient PMC were noncytotoxic when they were obtained within 6 days after the onset of an acute reversed rejection and during quiescent intervals when there was no evidence of rejection within 6 days before or after the assay. These data suggest that, regardless of its lack of specificity, there is some relationship between cytotoxicity of recipient PMC and allograft rejection. In none of 69 post-transplant serum samples was ADCC against donor target cells detected with the microcytotoxicity assay.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe survival time of skin allografts from RhLA-nonidentical, unrelated donors was increased from a mean of 7.69 days in controls (n = 20) to a mean of 32.53 days in rhesus monkeys (n = 21) receiving a total dose of 250 mg of rabbit anti-human thymocyte globulin (RATG) per kg. Immunological monitoring studies were performed on the peripheral blood of mononuclear cells in control and treated monkeys. After administration of RATG, the percentage of E rosette-forming cells (E-RFC) was > 90% depressed, and the percentage of EAC rosette-forming cells was increased 5-fold in the circulation. Significant numbers of RATG-coated cells were detected only during the first week after RATG treatment. The percentage of E-RFC recovered to pretreatment levels within 3 to 4 weeks after RATG treatment, although the absolute E-RFC count remained depressed for 2 to 3 months. In addition, the in vitro proliferative responsiveness to polyclonal mitogens and to allogeneic lymphocytes remained > 80% depressed for 2 to 3 months after RATG treatment. The incidence of post-transplant-specific antidonor lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity (LMC) was similar in controls (85%) and RATG-treated monkeys (81%), and the appearance of LMC was correlated (r = 0.711) with partial recovery of absolute ERFC counts in the treated group. The appearance and peak of LMC were delayed (P < 0.001) in RATG-treated monkeys, but preceded and correlated with rejection. Prior to rejection, the serum of RATG-treated monkeys inhibited LMC. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity appeared after rejection in the majority of recipients in both groups. The appearance and peak of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) were delayed (P < 0.001) in RATG-treated monkeys, but did not exhibit a significant correlation with the time of rejection.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYPretreatment of donor rats with irradiation and silica followed by in vitro culture of the islets for 1 to 2 days prolonged survival of allografts across a minor histocompatibility barrier if “hand-picked,” clean islets were used for transplantation. Pretreatment of donor rats with irradiation and silica in conjunction with a single injection of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) into the recipient produced a prolongation of survival of hand-picked islets transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to examine the humoral immune response against endothelial antigens of the donor kidney in human renal allograft recipients. Sera from 61 transplant recipients who received 62 grafts were studied for the presence of circulating endothelial antibodies (CEAb) using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with a pretransplant biopsy of the graft as a substrate. IgG antibodies directed against the endothelium of peritubular capillaries were found in the sera of 6 of the 10 patients with graft rejection within 7 weeks after transplantation, whereas these antibodies were not found in the absence of rejection (P < 0.001).Immunofluorescence studies of post-transplant biopsies showed IgG along the endothelium of peritubular capillaries only in the grafts of patients with CEAb. Eluates from these grafts contained IgG antibodies that bound to the endothelium of the donor as shown by the indirect immunofluorescence téchnique. Absorption of endothelial antibody (EAb)-positive sera with human platelets or Wistar strain rat erythrocytes showed that the EAb were not directed against serologically defined HLA antigens or against heterophile antigens on rat erythrocytes.We conclude from this study that the presence of antibodies directed against endothelial antigens is associated with poor graft prognosis and that these antibodies may be responsible for the rejection process.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo nonphagocytic effects of macrophages on antibodycoated lymphocyte target cells were studied: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and abrogation of complement lysis (ACL) by nonphagocytic mechanisms. Macrophages did not mediate ADCC, and actually inhibited K cell-mediated ADCC, presumably by direct interactions with the antibody-coated target cells. These interactions were studied in the ACL assay previously described, in which macrophages, antibody, and51Cr-labelled target cells were incubated for 1 hr. Then complement lysis (as measured by51Cr release) was performed to assess the status of the target cells. The nonphagocytic component of ACL could be distinguished from the phagocytic component by the addition of a second antibody during the complement lysis phase. This procedure revealed that some of the target cells which were resistant to the original antibody were susceptible to lysis by a second antibody and were therefore not phagocytized. Such cells had apparently been stripped of their antibody and the associated antigen by the macrophages. In support of this interpretation, specific antigen alterations were demonstrable on these stripped cells under certain conditions. These alterations were produced more consistently when the macrophages were less than maximally stimulated, and were detected better by guinea pig complement than by rabbit complement. The mechanism of stripping may involve inactivation, redistribution, or removal of target cell-bound antibody by the macrophages. Possible in vivo roles for the stripping mechanism, for example, in the enhancement of tumours or allografts, are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThree models of specific unresponsiveness to skin allografts have been developed in adult mice immunosuppressed with antilymphocyte serum (ALS). In the first model, mice are thymectomized, treated with ALS, and injected with 300 ± 106hybrid lymphoid cells. These mice accept donor skin grafts permanently and are lymphoid cell chimeras. In the second model, nonthymectomized, ALS-treated mice are injected with 25 ± 106nonhybrid, homozygous allogeneic bone marrow cells. Although survival of skin allografts is significantly prolonged in these mice, it is not permanent and the recipients are not chimeras. In the third model, recipients are thymectomized before ALS treatment and injection of 25 ± 106allogeneic marrow cells. A majority of these mice maintain donor skin grafts for over 100 days and 40% survive permanently, although they are not chimeras. The effect of Cytoxan on induction of unresponsiveness was studied in these models. Cytoxan was given before cellular antigen and skin graft survival was compared in Cytoxan-treated mice versus mice given no Cytoxan. Cytoxan reduced the enhancing effect of marrow in nonthymectomized, ALS-treated mice. In contrast, Cytoxan had no effect on the induction of unresponsiveness' in either thymectomized model. It is possible that suppressor cells, known to be sensitive to Cytoxan, may be required for the induction and/or maintenance of unresponsiveness to skin allografts in nonthymectomized, but not in thymectomized mice.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe standard mixed lymphocyte culture assay, which measures the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA, usually requires 5 days. We describe a more rapid assay based on changes in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. An increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase was observed in mixed lymphocyte cultures from genetically defined, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-nonidentical miniature swine as early as 18 hr after plating. No increase was found in mixed cultures from inbred MHC-identical animals. Similar results were obtained with the enzyme S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase with the increase in activity starting at about 32 hr. There was a good correlation between the ornithine decarboxylase values at 18 hr and the results of the [3H]thymidine incorporation assay on day 5. Preliminary experiments with human lymphocytes revealed similar results.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe ability of skin epidermal cells to induce allogeneic lymphocytes into proliferation was examined in mixed skin celllymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). The stimulating capacity of skin cells was reduced significantly by trypsin digestion, although the damage was repaired by incubation at 37 C for 3 hr. The optimal concentration of mitomycin C for treatment of stimulating cells in the MSLR differed from that in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR). Irradiation rendered them three to four times more stimulatory than did mitomycin C. Removal of adherent cells from responding cells by passage through a nylon-wool column gave a substantial elevation of the MSLR. The lymphocytes cocultured with skin cells in the primary MSLR incorporated3H-thymidine, with the peak at the 6th day of culture. If the lymphocytes primed in the MSLR were restimulated with skin cells from the same stimulating strain, the primed lymphocytes responded promptly and in great magnitude.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID