摘要:

SUMMARYA xenoantiserum to human Ia antigens has been described that is capable of blocking not only stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) but also the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Data from immunofluorescence as well as complement-dependent cytolytic assays indicate that the anti-Ia xenoantiserum is directed against B cell surface antigens. Inhibition of complement-dependent cytolysis with column fractions of B cell antigens and autoradiography of immune precipitates electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels have established that the antigen detected by the xenoantiserum has characteristics of the human two-polypeptide la molecular complex. Allogeneic stimulator cells pretreated with anti-Ia at very low doses were unable to stimulate in the MLR and failed to induce CTLs. Neither anti-β2-microglobulin nor a non-HLA-associated antilymphocyte serum in similar dose ranges inhibited MLR or cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. Absorbtion of anti-la xenoantiserum with B lymphoblasts, but not T lymphoblasts, removed inhibitory activity for both MLR and CML. Untreated third-party stimulator cells cocultivated with anti-Ia-pretreated stimulator cells provided stimulation in the MLR that apparently allowed partial recovery of CML against targets from the same donor as the anti-la-treated stimulator cells. Elimination of the helper effect, normally provided by MLR stimulation, may be one mechanism by which anti-la xenoantiserum prevents induction of CTLs.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA quantitative estimation of the amounts of human la (HLADR) and HLA-ABC antigen on a variety of human tissues was performed. Monoclonal antibodies to species-common determinants of HLA-DR and HLA-ABC antigens were absorbed quantitatively with tissue homogenates and cell suspensions, and reassayed for residual activity in a radioimmunobinding assay. Kidney was found to carry 90% as much HLA-DR and 14% as much HLA-ABC antigen as spleen, while liver contained 19 and 9% as much, respectively. Small amounts of both antigens were found on heart; brain carried very little HLA-ABC and virtually no DR. Neither HLA-ABC nor DR was found on erythrocytes or reticulocytes. Of interest was our finding that a small subpopulation of thymocytes (10%) was HLA-DR positive. Platelets contained approximately 5% of the amount of HLA-ABC as spleen and undetectable quantities of HLA-DR, as expected. Chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) cells were found to carry 10% as much HLA-ABC and 33% as much DR antigen as spleen, while the values for bone marrow were 15 and 2%, respectively.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAn attempt was made to increase the in vivo immunosuppressive powers of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) by conjugating it with melphalan (MEL), an alkylating agent, via an inert intermediate carrier (polyglutamic acid). Careful controls to distinguish between increased activity attributable to the conjugate per se, as opposed to synergy between the components of the complex, were included. Conjugation did not destroy the alkylating properties of the drug nor the cytotoxic activity of the antibody. The effect of MEL-ALG complexes on skin allograft survival in both inbred and outbred strains were appraised. In neither system did the immunosuppressive powers of the conjugate exceed those of ALG alone, regardless of the dose used. We conclude that alkylating drugs are not suitable for this particular purpose.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe MDAY-D2 tumor of DBA/2 origin metastasizes widely and predictably in syngeneic DBA/2 mice, as well as in allogeneic athymic mice. BALB/c mice, which are H-2 compatible with MDAY-D2, reject the tumor based on non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. This rejection corresponds directly with the generation of a “low-level,” in vitro, cell-mediated cytotoxic response in ipsilateral peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. Production of cytotoxic antibody also occurs during tumor rejection. Previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness of adoptively transferred, sensitized BALB/c lymphocytes in eliminating preexisting visceral metastases in BALB/c athymic mice. The present study shows that in this model the complete regression of H-2-compatible allografts, in the form of preexisting metastases, correlates directly with the ability of adoptively transferred cells to mediate low-level, cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Both graft rejection in vivo and cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro are mediated by T cells. Enriched sensitized B cells and anti-MDAY-D2 serum are both incapable of mediating this graft rejection in vivo. Based on these findings, we conclude that relatively weak in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic responses should not be dismissed as biologically insignificant, for they may be indicative of considerable immune potential in vivo.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYWe have used a low dose of steroid (20 mg of prednisolone), commencing the day after transplantation, for 151 consecutive renal transplants in 141 patients. Five patients received grafts from living related donors, 146 received cadaver grafts. All patients received azathioprine for routine immunosuppression and the first 47 received a single dose of actinomycin C i.v. for treatment of rejection. No other immunosuppressive drugs were used. This treatment provided satisfactory immunosuppression as 109 of 151 grafts continue to function for periods of 3 months to 10 years and, of 42 grafts lost, only 17 failed from rejection. The cumulative survival of first cadaver grafts at 1 and 2 years in recipients of all ages (7 to 55 years) was 77.9 and 76.0%, respectively; in recipients 15 to 34 years old, 90.9 and 86.1%, respectively. Twenty-three patients died, no patient died from infection during the admission for transplantation, and infection played a part in the deaths of only four patients. The incidence of other complications was low; seven patients developed gastrointestinal complications, one died, four patients developed diabetes, all survived; only one patient developed avascular necrosis of bone.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe plasma of renal transplant patients was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the presence of azathioprine and its primary metabolite, 6-mercaptopurine, after either oral or i.v. administration of azathioprine. Azathioprine was demonstrated in plasma at peak concentrations of 0.6 μg/ml 15 min after i.v. injections of 100 to 200 mg. Within 90 min of injection, the azathioprine level fell to 10 ng/ml. Azathioprine was not detected in plasma at any time after an oral dose of 100 mg, indicating that the plasma concentration is less than 0.5 ng/ml, which is the sensitivity limit of this assay. 6- Mercaptopurine appeared in the plasma after either oral or i.v. azathioprine administration. Furthermore, decreased renal graft function had no effect on the rate of disappearance of azathioprine from plasma. These results demonstrate that high performance liquid chromatography can be used to determine azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine levels in man, and that alteration in renal function does not influence early stages of azathioprine degradation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYIntracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determination appears to be a rapid, and reliable technique for the detection of complement-dependent cytolysis mediated by cytotoxic anti- HLA sera. Only a few minutes after the addition of complement to anti-HLA-coated target lymphocytes, a striking loss of intracellular ATP is observed. The technique can be easily performed with minute amounts of cells, serum, and complement, and exactly following the technical conditions of the standard HLA typing microcytotoxicity test (MCT).One of its main advantages over MCT is that the reading of results can be performed automatically. Since in most tissue typing laboratories all steps preceding the reading of MCT results have already been automated, this method could be of great interest, with a view to permitting the complete automation of HLA typing.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA radioimmunoassay procedure is described by which peripheral blood lymphocytes can be typed for HLA-DR specificities. The major advantages of this method are the following: simple and reproducible procedure, no need for B lymphocyte separation, no need for optimal viability, and no need for preabsorption of antisera with platelets.This method will find an application in the genetic and biochemical analysis of the HLA complex, and in the clinical tests of la antigens for diagnostic or prognostic purposes and in retrospective transplant studies.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe immunosuppressive activity of niridazole in unmatched kidney allografts in nephrectomized dogs was studied. The drug alone was not effective, but improved survival when used with azathioprine and prednisolone or azathioprine alone. However, niridazole was toxic in dogs in the doses used (25 or 50 mg/kg/ day).

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYHuman epidermal cells were grown serially in surface culture by inoculation of suspensions of disaggregated cells. Single cells grew into colonies and the colonies fused to make a confluent epithelium. The epithelium was detached as unit and transplanted onto a graft bed prepared in athymic mice. Such grafts formed epidermis complete with stratum comoum. Although they became considerably reduced in area, the grafts remained healthy for as long as 108 days after grafting. The human origin of the grafts wag demonstrated with a species-specific antiscrum to a precursor protein of the cross-linked envelope.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID