摘要:

BALB/c female streptozotocin-diabetic mice were transplanted under the left kidney capsule with syngeneic or allogeneic CBA 17-day fetal pancreases that had been organ-cultured for 23 days. Two isografted groups received a single graft per recipient, cultured normally (90% air, 10% CO2), or in an oxygen-rich atmosphere (90% O2, 10% CO2): 13/14 and 12/13 respectively became normoglycemic. The 3rd and 4th groups were transplanted each with 1 and 3 allogeneic fetal pancreases per recipient, which had been cultured in 90% O2: 5/12 and 2/13 mice respectively had surviving allografts after 104 days, and 2/5 of the former and both of the latter had become normoglycemic. Five out of the seven surviving allografts contained foci of infiltrating lymphocytes. After removal of the kidneys containing the grafts, surviving mice were retransplanted under the right kidney capsule, each with 2 CBA fetal pancreases which had been cultured for only 4 days under normal conditions-hence they were fully immunogenic. Rejection of the secondary allografts was delayed in the long-term, primary allograft acceptors, suggesting that a degree of tolerance had developed.This study demonstrates that it is possible for a single, cultured fetal pancreas to survive indefinitely and reverse diabetes after transplantation to a fully allogeneic, nonimmunosuppressed recipient.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The protective effect of prostaglandin I2(PGI2) on ischemia-induced liver cell injury was investigated during 60-min, 75-min, and 90-min liver ischemia. Vehicle-treated rats tolerated the 75-min hepatic ischemia poorly. Only 25% of the rats in this group survived more than 7 days. However, the survival rate of PGI2-treated rats (350 ng/kg/min) significantly improved to 67%.Liver cell organelles were well-preserved by the PGI2treatment. Adenosine triphosphate levels in the liver of the PGI2-treated rats were significantly higher than those of vehicle-treated rats at 60 min of reoxygenation following 75-min ischemia. Cyclic 3'-5' adenosine monophosphate levels markedly increased during 60-min PGI2infusion. Cyclic 3'-5' guanosine monophosphate levels also significantly increased during the PGI2infusion and were still higher than those of vehicle-treated rats at the end of the 75-min ischemia.Although the exact cytoprotective mechanism of PGI2at the cellular level is still unclear, our results demonstrate that elevated ATP and cyclic nucleotides levels play an important role in liver cell preservation during ischemia.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two non-species-specific spleen-derived immunosuppressive peptides (SDIP) have been highly purified from bovine spleen and are referred to as SDIPeand SDIPHPwith reference to the last step of the purification procedure (electrophoresis or high pressure liquid chromatography, respectively). Preincubation of lymphoid cells with very dilute preparations of both SDIPs significantly reduced their capacity to induce a lethal graftversus-host reaction (GVHR), but did not diminish their capacity to form hematopoietic colonies in the spleens of lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts (CFUS). Therefore, such pretreatment of bone marrow grafts by SDIP could be useful candidate for GVHR prevention. In contrast, preincubation with thymulin (serum thymic factor (FTS) plus ZnCl2), which shares several physicochemical properties with SDIP, significantly improved the ability of lymphoid cells to induce lethal GVHR. The opposite immunomodulatory effects of these highly similar peptides are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pancreatic endocrine function was studied in forty dogs after ligation or free i.p. drainage of the pancreatic duct, with or without simultaneous partial pancreatectomy. Shrinkage and fibrosis of the pancreas occurred in all dogs, with equal severity in the open duct and duct-tied groups. Fasting blood sugars remained within the normal range but fasting levels of plasma insulin and glucagon were reduced. Dynamic tests of endocrine function indicated that partial pancreatectomy reduced the insulin response to i.v. injection of dextrose or glucagon and delayed the reestablishment of glucose homeostasis. Glucose tolerance was normal in dogs with intact pancreases, but duct ligation was associated with deteriorating recovery after glucagon injection. The precise coordination of circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon levels seen in normal dogs was lost in both partial and intact pancreas groups and these disturbances were attributed to the fibrotic changes arising from interference with the ductal drainage. Both ligation and free i.p. drainage of the pancreatic duct therefore resulted in abnormalities of islet function. When combined with partial pancreatectomy, both techniques were associated with significant pancreatic endocrine insufficiency.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

One hundred thirty-seven patients had gonadal function evaluated 1–11 years after marrow transplantation. All 15 women less than age 26 and three of nine older than age 26 who were treated with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide recovered normal gonadotropin levels and menstruation. Five have had five pregnancies resulting in three live births, one spontaneous abortion, and one elective abortion. Three of 38 women who were prepared with 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 920–1200 rad total-body irradiation had normal gonadotropin levels and menstruation. Two had pregnancies resulting in one spontaneous and one elective abortion. Of 31 men prepared with 200 mg/kg cyclophosphamide, 30 had normal luteinizing hormone levels, 20 had normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and 10 of 15 had spermatogenesis. Four have fathered five normal children. Thirty-six of 41 men prepared with 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 920–1750 rad total-body irradiation had normal luteinizing hormone levels, ten had normal follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and 2 of 32 studied had spermatogenesis. One has fathered two normal children. It was concluded that cyclophosphamide does not prevent return of normal gonadal function in younger women and in most men. Total-body irradiation prevents return of normal gonadal function in the majority of patients.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a retrospective single-center study the influence of warm ischemia time and simultaneous influence of HLA (A and B) matching on one-year renal graft survival was analyzed in 170 adult recipients of primary cadaveric renal grafts. One-year survival of grafts with warm ischemia times longer than 50 min was only 40% (n = 10). When warm ischemia time was shorter than 50 min, a 1-min increase of warm ischemia time correlated with 1% decrease in one-year graft survival as a result of rejection. This detrimental effect of warm ischemia time on graft survival was not yet significant one month after transplantation, but became more evident as follow-up time was lengthened. Warm ischemia time also correlated with the number of reversible rejection episodes in patients with a graft functioning for longer than one year (P< 0.04). The beneficial influence of HLA (A and B) matching on one-year graft survival was significant (P < 0.05 log linear test). This influence was even more evident with longer warm ischemia times. It is concluded that warm ischemia has a detrimental influence on graft survival that is mediated by rejection, and it is suggested that this might be due in part to altered presentation or expression of HLA-antigens of ischemically damaged kidney tissues.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eighty-one renal, seventeen heart, and twenty-four liver transplant patients were followed for infection. Seventeen renal patients received azathioprine (Aza) and prednisone as part of a randomized trial of immunosuppression with 21 cyclosporine-and-prednisone-treated renal transplant patients. All others received cyclosporine and prednisone. The randomized Aza patients had more overall infections (P< 0.05) and more nonviral infections (P< 0.02) than the randomized cyclosporine patients. Heart and liver patients had more infections than cyclosporine renal patients but fewer infections than the Aza renal patients. There were no infectious deaths in renal transplant patients on cyclosporine or Aza, but infection played a major role in 3 out of 6 cardiac transplant deaths and in 8 out of 9 liver transplant deaths. Renal patients on cyclosporine had the fewest bacteremias.Analysis of site of infection showed a preponderance of abdominal infections in liver patients, intrathoracic infections in heart patients, and urinary tract infections in renal patients. Pulmonary infections were less common in cyclosporine-treated renal patients than in Aza-treated patients (P< 0.05). Aza patients had significantly more staphylococcal infections than all other transplant groups (P< 0.005), and systemic fungal infections occurred only in the liver transplant group.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding or serological rises in antibody titer, or both occurred in 78% of cyclosporine patients and 76% of Aza patients. Of the cyclosporine patients, 15% had symptoms related to CMV infection Serological evidence for Epstein Barr Virus infection was found in 20% of 65 cyclosporine patients studied. Three had associated symptoms, and one developed a lymphoma.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of cyclosporine and steroids on early renal allograft function and eventual graft outcome was analyzed in 100 recipients; 33 recipients of living related donor (LRD) and 67 recipients of cadaveric donor (CAD) allografts were studied. A concurrent population of 47 CAD recipients treated with azathioprine and steroids was used for comparison. Recipients received oral cyclosporine (14 mg/kg) 48 hours (LRD) or 6–12 hours (CAD) pretransplant. No cases of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) were observed in the LRD recipients. The incidence of posttransplant ATN was similar in the cyclosporine-treated (41%) and in the azathioprine-treated (45%) CAD recipients (P= ns). Cyclosporine-treated CAD kidneys preserved less than 24 hr experienced a lower rate of ATN (P= .01) using simple cold storage (31%), as compared with hypothermic pulsatile perfusion (57%). One-month creatinine nadirs were higher in cyclosporine-treated than in azathioprine-treated recipients, using median values for each group. One-year actuaarial patient survival for cyclosporine-treated LRD recipients was 97%; CAD recipients, 94%, and azathioprine-treated CAD recipients, 91%. Graft survival rates in the same groups were 91%, 76%, and 55%, respectively. The major causes of graft loss in cyclosporine-treated patients were nonimmunologic. It is concluded that cyclosporine and prednisone are a safe, efficacious combination for LRD and CAD renal transplantation. The possibility of nephrotoxicity leading to impaired graft function in the early posttransplant period should not preclude the administration of cyclosparine prior to alloantigen presentation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thirty-five patients given an HLA-DR-incompatible cadaver kidney that was diuresing immediately after transplantation were randomly allocated to treatment with cyclosporine alone for 3 months followed by conversion to azathioprine and prednisolone (AP), or to conventional treatment with AP. Although many patients had to be converted to AP before 90 days because of rejection requiring more than two treatment courses of high-dose i.v. methylprednisolone, 16 of 21 grafts were functioning at 3 months, and 12 of 14 grafts in the control group were functioning. However 3 further grafts were lost from chronic rejection in the control group, and none were lost from chronic rejection in the cyclosporine group. All but one patient on cyclosporie had depressed renal function, and in all these patients function improved on conversion to AP. This depression of renal function is attributed both to cyclosporine nephrotoxicity and to a low-grade rejection reaction, the latter suggesting that the addition of steroids to cyclosporine might be beneficial in some patients. The strategy of a three-month course of cyclosporine followed by conversion to AP provides satisfactory immunosuppression, and it may be of value if long-term side effects of cyclosporine emerge with further experience.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Peripheral blood Ia-positive (Ia+) T cells were enumerated in 52 patients who had received allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia or severe aplastic anemia. Twenty-two normal people showed 3 ± 2% of peripheral blood T cells to be Ia+. During the first 130 days post-transplant, all patient groups showed a moderate elevation in the percentage (mean: 21–26%) of Ia+T cells, regardless of the type of transplant performed, and regardless of the presence or absence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Although there was marked individual variation (range 5–76%), there was a trend towards a decrease in the percentage of Ia+T cells with increasing time after transplantation. Long-term survivors still showed a small (range 3–20%, mean 10%) but significant elevation in the relative number of Ia+T cells 1–3.4 years after transplantation, regardless of the presence or absence of chronic GVHD. It is not currently known why Ia+T cells are found in these patients, but accelerated lymphopoiesis, subclinical infection, and excessive immune stimulation caused by microorganisms or other foreign antigens could be contributing factors.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID