摘要:

SUMMARYBiological and immunological parameters of a heterograft reaction induced in cell culture were studied. Rat lymphocytes were sensitized against mouse cells in vitro and in vivo. The time of appearance of effector cell function was similar for each mode of sensitization, but the lytic potency (ability to lyse51Cr-labeled mouse target cells) was 5–10 times greater when lymphoid cells were sensitized in vitro. In vitro sensitized rat (antimouse) lymphoid cells were also able to distinguish among target cells in a strainspecific as well as a species-specific manner, whereas rat (antimouse) lymphocytes prepared in vivo were unable to distinguish among mouse strains during the lysis of mouse target cells in vitro. Normal rat lymphoid cells were unable to induce a significant graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in newborn mice. Rat lymphocytes presensitized to mouse antigens in vitro gave strong GVH reactions in newborn mice, inducing all of the symptoms measured after injection of rat (antimouse) cells presensitized in vivo. Of 75 × 106normal rat lymphocytes, in vivo sensitized rat (antimouse) lymphoid cells, or in vitro sensitized rat (antirat) lymphoid cells, all were unable to cause an accelerated rejection of a mouse skin graft on rats, whereas the same number of rat (antimouse) lymphoid cells sensitized in vitro significantly accelerated rejection of these grafts. It is suggested that the heterograft reaction induced in vitro is an immunological phenomenon, perhaps a more intense form of the heterograft reaction in vivo.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYProlongation of skin allograft survival has been demonstrated in the murine combination C3H to CBA, following cytosine arabinoside treatment when administered 24 hr after a single dose of F1hybrid lymphocytes. The median survival time (MST) of skin allografts was 20 days compared to untreated controls in which the MST was 15 days. No toxic effects were noted when the maximum daily dose of cytosine arabinoside reached 40 mg/kg for 9 consecutive days. When cytosine arabinoside or F1hybrid lymphocytes were administered separately, no allograft prolongation resulted. The effect of this treatment protocol was shown to be specific when third party A/Jax skin grafts were rejected in first-set fashion.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe influence of renal failure on azathioprine activity has been studied with regard to its toxicity and immunosuppression. Hematological toxicity was studied by the analysis of clinical data on 59 patients treated continually with azathioprine for long periods. Renal failure did not favor the incidence, precocity, or duration of leukopenia. Immunosuppressive activity was studied by the rosette inhibition test; it was not different in 15 patients with renal failure and in 16 normal subjects, even in cases of bilateral nephrectomy. Conversely, when azathioprine was labeled with35S it was observed that the metabolism of35S was very abnormal, with an important delay in the disappearance of the activity. Finally, renal failure decreases the rate of elimination of azathioprine metabolites but does not modify its biological activities, probably because of a very rapid metabolic inactivation of the biologically active metabolites. Practically, azathioprine dosage does not have to be reduced in cases of renal failure. The methods used study the influence of renal failure on immunosuppressive activity and toxicity of azathioprine, but they are not specific for azathioprine and could be used for other immunosuppressive agents.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYUptake of tritiated thymidine by cells in various regions of mouse lymph nodes draining skin grafts is described. Within 24 hr after grafting there was a significant reduction of labeled cells in the inner cortical zones of nodes draining primary and secondary allografts. A similar depression occurred in the outer cortical zone of nodes draining allografts and autografts. By 72 hr after grafting, however, significantly increased labeling was evident in the inner cortical zones of nodes draining all types of grafts. The outer cortical zones of nodes draining primary allografts, but not secondary allografts, had significantly more labeled cells than did those draining autografts. No significant differences were found in the germinal centers of nodes draining grafts compared to unoperated controls. The ratio of the response in the outer cortical zone to that in the intermediate zone was significantly lower in autografted as compared to unoperated control animals. However, in animals subjected to foreign grafts, this value was significantly higher than that in animals subjected to autografts. The summary response of the cortex then shows a distinction between foreign and autologous tissue, as well as a response to the grafting procedures, as early as 24 hr and as late as 72 hr after grafting.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThree rhesus monkey lymphocyte alloantigen groups have been defined by a cytotoxicity technique. Typing of 115 unrelated monkeys and 21 pedigreed families indicates that these antigens appear to be a part of one closely linked genetic system. These alloantigen groups may be the rhesus counterpart of the human HL-A alloantigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAdult BALB/c mice were injected with either antilymphocytic serum (ALS) or antithymocytic serum (ATS) 24 hr prior to the heterotopic transplantation of tooth germs from 7-day-old DBA/2 mice to the mammary fat-pad. These strains are identical at the H-2 histocompatibility locus but differ in at least four minor loci. The grafts were examined histologically 1, 2, and 3 weeks after transplantation and assessed for lymphocytic infiltration, hemorrhage, and necrosis. Fifty-seven percent of those tooth germs transplanted to ATS-treated hosts survived, while all those transplanted in ALS-treated hosts appeared similar to noninjected controls, showing various signs of rejection at each of the experimental periods. The earliest signs of rejection were observed 7 days after transplantation. It is concluded that tooth buds, similar to other tissues, can evoke an immune response in allogeneic hosts even in the absence of strong histoincompatibility.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYDiffusion chamber cultures have been used to study the role of the embryonic thymus environment in the development of immunological maturity, measured by graft-versushost reactivity. The results indicate that some lymphocytes become immunocompetent within the thymus before migrating to the periphery.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYOne-way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) tests were performed using, in all cases, mitomycin C-treated stimulating cells from healthy university students. Responding cells from four groups were tested: hospitalized patients with malignancy, age- and sex-matched hospitalized patients without known malignancy, age- and sex-matched nonhospitalized controls, and students who were younger than the persons in the other three groups. Whereas approximately 30% of the variation in response was unaccounted for by known variables, the great majority of the remaining variation could be accounted for by the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes present in the culture. These results suggest that quantitation of MLC tests may be better after removal of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from the culture—a step we have now instituted in our laboratory.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe blastogenic responses of human lymphocytes to stimulation with irradiated xenogeneic cultured cells and xenogeneic lymphocytes were compared to responses to allogeneic cultured lymphoblasts and lymphocytes. Xenogeneic cultured cells stimulated vigorous blastogenesis as measured by either thymidine incorporation (median, 13,500 counts/min) or microscopic examination (median, 12% lymphoblasts).Maximum stimulation was induced by 5 × 104xenogeneic cultured cells and levels of over 105stimulator cells/culture inhibited blastogenesis. Xenogeneic lymphocytes induced a median maximum of 14,000 counts/min at a stimulator cell concentration of 106cells/culture. Allogeneic cultured lymphoblasts and lymphocytes induced significantly greater blastogenic responses (median, 57,000 and 41,000 counts/min, respectively) but were also inhibitory at higher cell concentrations. Cultured cells, both allogeneic and xenogeneic, induced more uniform stimulation than small lymphocytes. These results indicate that humans have circulating antigen-reactive cells for murine cell surface antigens, that there are major quantitative differences in the characteristics of the stimulation produced by cells of different origin in terms of degree of stimulation and optimal stimulator cell level, and that irradiated cells release an inhibitor of blastogenesis.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARY9-Butyl azathioprine, a derivative of azathioprine, has been assessed for its immunosuppressive activity alone and in combination with azathioprine. It was well tolerated by dogs in doses of 20 mg/kg and significantly prolonged the survival time of the dogs that received renal allografts. When used in combination, 9-butyl azathioprine could replace part of the dose of azathioprine, but the combination was not devoid of bone marrow toxicity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID