摘要:

An attempt has been made to elucidate the factors responsible for the ability of heterologous anti-lymphocyte plasma (ALP) to depress lymphocyte counts when injected into an animal of the same species as that which provided the lymphocytes for immunization. The results suggest that ALP depresses lymphocyte counts by virtue of its content of antibody directed against antigenic moieties which are contained in lymphoid cells and which are distinct from the individual and species specific antigens of the animal. The results also indicate that the ability of ALP to produce a lymphopenia is, to a significant degree, dependent on normal adrenal function in the recipient of the plasma. In addition, the findings reported in this communication confirm previous observations (6, 6) which indicated that the immunosuppressive potency of ALP could not be correlated with either its content of agglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies directed against lymphocytes or its ability to depress lymphocyte counts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sarcoma 180 (S-180) grows in 0–10% of AKR mice. The incidence of tumor growth is increased in animals implanted 3 weeks previously with another graft of this tumor. This increase in incidence of growth is prevented by splenectomy. Similarly, treatments with frozen-thawed homogenates of S-180 greatly increase the incidence of growth of S-180 in sham-operated but not in splenectomized AKR mice. The growth of adenocarcinoma 755, sarcoma I, leukemia L 1210, and an adenocarcinoma of C3H origin is not promoted by this treatment. Conversely, the administration of homogenates of Walker carcinoma 256, adenocarcinoma 755, and spleen and liver of C57BL/ 6/Ja, DBA/2Ha, or Swiss/HaICR mice does not promote the growth of S-180. S-180 frozen-thawed homogenates treated at 57 C for 30 min are only slightly less effective than nontreated S-180 frozen-thawed homogenates. These data indicate that active immunological enhancement is responsible for the observed increase of S-180 growth in AKR mice and that the spleen plays an important role in it.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Experiments were carried out to investigate (1) the role of the spleen in the production of enhancing antisera and (2) the participation of the host humoral response in passive immunological enhancement. Enhancement of sarcoma 180 was readily obtained with sera from sham-operated mice immunized with live tumor grafts. Sera from splenectomized mice immunized similarly were significantly less effective in this regard. Immunization with tumor homogenates, given at doses known to cause active enhancement of sarcoma 180, yielded sera which failed to transfer enhancement passively. The induction of tumor enhancement with certain doses of antisera was markedly dependent on the presence of the spleen in the recipient animals. At a smaller dose of antisera the degree of enhancement was lower and not affected by the presence or absence of the spleen in the recipient animals. It is concluded that the spleen is essential for the production of enhancing antibodies. The data also support the concept that in passive immunological enhancement the host spleen-dependent humoral response may play a role and, therefore, that the immunizing capacity of the tumor may be an important factor in the mechanism of this phenomenon.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Transplantation of morphologically intact spleen slice grafts from parental to F1hybrid mice prior to lethal irradiation markedly improved the growth of subsequent parental marrow grafts. Stromal elements are not responsible for the improved marrow growth, inasmuch as similar results were obtained when the F1hybrid was pre-treated with parental spleen cell suspensions or spleen slice grafts which were removedbeforeirradiation. Further exploration of these findings showed that (1) pretreatment of hybrids must be carried out with immunologically competent cells; (2) these cells must be viable; (3) time is required for full development of the pretreatment effect, 2–3 weeks being optimal for 3 X 107spleen cells; (4) the effect is long lasting (at least 3 months); (5) pretreatment with as few as 107parental spleen cells can lead to a significant modification of the poor growth phenomenon. Augmentation of marrow growth was observed in every experimental setting where a graft-versus-host reaction due to cells from the marrow donor strain had occurred prior to irradiation. Relatively good growth of parental marrow grafts was observed in reirradiated old chimeras when either chimeras donor or host was of the parental type.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Hybrid adult mice can be protected against wasting disease induced by spleen cells from parental origin, by utilizing the immunological enhancement-facilitation phenomenon. Passive enhancement-facilitation was applied using a “B anti-A” type of immune serum injected into (B X A)F1hybrids before the injection of B lymphoid cells. Active enhancement-facilitation was used in similar strain combinations by means of appropriate immunization of the prospective B spleen cell donors; typically the immunizing material consisted of extracts prepared from lyophilized A tissues (3 mg) and immunizing injections were made 5 clays before the donor spleens were transferred. (1) Passive enhancement-facilitation of (B1OD2 X CBA)F1hybrids receiving B1OD2 spleen cells, by means of an anti-CBA B1OD2 immune serum, increased survival rates from 1% to 13–40%. This effect of the immune serum was removed by specific absorption. (2) Active enhancement-facilitation displayed its effect clearly in the same strain combination and also in the C57BL6 → (C57BL6 X CBA)F1combination, where specificity of the phenomenon was controlled in a group of hybrids receiving cells from parental donors immunized with extracts of guinea pig lyophilized tissues. (3) Varying immunization procedures or strain combinations had sometimes an opposite effect, resulting in an aggravation of the disease (sometimes limited to an increased lymphocytopenia). (4) The spontaneous hemagglutination phenomenon in Gorer-Mikulska's medium is described as a sign of antibody fixation at the surface of mouse erythrocytes. In the present experiments, it results from a graft-versus-host reaction.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of different immunosuppressive agents on survival of kidney grafts from BN to WAG inbred rat strains was studied. Animals given continuous treatment with nontoxic doses of Imuran showed a marked prolongation of survival time as compared with untreated controls. Some effect was seen from daily treatment with prednisolone and from repeated local irradiation of the graft. Kidney-transplantation in the rat appears to be a useful model for the study of immunosuppressive measures for clinical application.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intra- and interpopulation skin grafting together with an analysis of antigen sharing involving third-party test grafts reveal that: (1) there is widespread sharing of histocompatibility antigens among newts(Diemictylus)from several geographical locations; (2) there is a substantial diversity of histocompatibility genes distinguishing individuals within each population; (3) there is no “strong”H-2 type of complex locus involved in graft rejection in newts from any of the populations analyzed; and (4) allograft rejection, even when relatively rapid, is referable to multiple “weak” histocompatibility genes which may have cumulative effects. The high incidence of acute and subacute rejections found in one population indicates that the chronic reactions characteristic of this species are not attributable to a deficient immune response capacity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Thymus dependence of adoptive immunity by transplanted bone marrow or spleen cells was quantitatively assessed by measuring their agglutinin response in thymectomized and nonthymectomized irradiated mice. In all experimental conditions used, spleen cells were found remarkably less sensitive to thymectomy than bone marrow cells. The degree of thymus dependence of spleen cells varied with the donor age. The data suggest the existence of two pools of potentially competent cells: PC0(thymus-dependent) and PC1(thymus-independent) cells, the former being relatively more frequent in the marrow than in the spleen. Variation of thymus dependence with age is attributed to changes of the relative pool size of PC, and PC1cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In semisyngeneic heterotopic bone marrow transplants the donor or recipient origin of cells of osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues was identified by chromosome markers(T6)and by reverse transplantation into the initial donor line. In syngeneic and semisyngeneic grafts of bone marrow under the renal capsule bone and bone marrow are formed. In allogeneic grafts only bone is formed; this bone is subsequently resorbed. In 14-month semisyngeneic transplants the bone marrow consists of recipient cells. This is true for both the proliferating pool and the stem cells of hematopoietic tissue. At the same time, osteogenic precursor cells and bone tissue in these transplants are of donor origin. A discussion is presented of the interrelationship between determinated osteogenic precursor cells (preosteoblasts) and hematopoietic stem cells (or their descendants) in which osteogenesis is inducible.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A potent synthetic progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPG), was evaluated for immunosuppressive activity. The survival of dogs with renal allografts was significantly prolonged and serum creatinine was decreased in animals treated with large doses of MPG. Survival of dogs with renal allografts which received both medroxyprogesterone and azathioprine was markedly prolonged when compared with animals receiving azathioprine alone. In rabbits receiving MPG alone, skin allografts survived 1.7 to 2.8 times longer than controls. The primary humoral antibody response of rabbits to bovine γ-globulin was also suppressed. The influence of MPG on peripheral leukocyte count and the histology of lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus was studied in clogs. Although probably not as potent an immunosuppressive agent, as azathioprine or corticosteroids, MPG may be useful in humans because of its low toxicity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID