摘要:

SUMMARYSera were obtained from 48 gravida II prenatal and 211 multiparous nonpregnant females and examined for leukocyte antibodies comparing a standard lymphocytotoxicity (CY) test with capillary agglutination (CA). Antibody was detected in 41% of the samples in both groups but only CA tests were positive with approximately one-half of the prenatal and three-fourths of the multiparous specimens. Although, CA reactions, when accompanied by positive CY responses, usually correlated with HLA, no correlation with HLA, 5b, or the neutrophil antigens was determined for 35 of the 48 sera reacting only by CA.As a model to test the specificity of CA positive-CY negative antisera, four extensively studied sera were further analyzed in 16 families. Independent segregation from the HLA complex and ABO and Rh antigens was confirmed and two of the sera appeared to detect separate clusters of reactions in conjunction with some of the other reagents.Pre- and postgraft samples obtained from 23 living related and 75 cadaveric renal transplanted patients were investigated and compared for graft function and prospective tissue typing. Although direct crossmatches were negative prior to surgery, 17.9% of the pretransplant samples from living related and 28.0% from cadaveric recipients contained detectable antibody when tested against a cell panel. Similar to the prenatal and multiparous groups, the majority of these responses were detected by CA. Following engraftment, antibody first became evident in 11 of 19 (58%) living related and in 23 of 53 (48.2%) cadaveric hosts. There was a striking association between the development of CA and CY antibody and failure, as contrasted to 100% 9-month or greater survival in 10 of 10 living related and 15 of 15 cadaveric transplants in whom only CA antibodies arose postoperatively.In total, these studies indicate that CA reacts with HLA antigens in common with CY tests. In addition, CA may detect HLA when CY is negative but many other reactions appear to be directed at non-HLA specificities. The relevance of CA-only responses to clinical transplantation remains uncertain, but we may speculate that they have an enhancing effect on the course of renal transplantation and are associated with important histocompatibility determinants.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYMurine lymphoid cells sensitized against allografts express two types of cytotoxicity measured in vitro in short-term assays of 2 to 3 hr by51Cr release. One type of cytotoxicity is specific against target cells carrying the sensitizing alloantigens, and the other type is nonspecific against both syngeneic and unrelated target cells and requires the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (ConA). Several lines of evidence are presented which demonstrate that both cytotoxic systems are mediated by the same clone of alloimmune effector T lymphocytes and that the lectin-induced cytotoxicity is not attributable to mitogenic polyclonal activation of effector cells.Studies with ConA inhibitor α-methyl-D-mannoside suggest a mechanism of interaction that requires the lectin to be present during the reaction. Experiments with other reagents, however, that bring about physical contact of the cells but not lysis, indicate that cytolysis can occur only through specific lectin receptors on the cells. The significance of this lectin-induced cytotoxicity is discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARY(Lewis Brown Norway) F1hybrid rat kidney allografts were transplanted to bilaterally nephrectomized Lewis recipients pretreated in various ways. The mean survival time of untreated controls was 16.1 ± 1.7 days. All rats pretreated with 1.67 g/kg of semi-soluble Brown Norway spleen extract and 5 mg/kg of prednisolone on days 15, 8, and 1 before transplantation survived indefinitely. Pretreatment with semi-soluble or soluble extract alone prolonged survival modestly (36.5 ± 13.6 and 30.8 ± 5.6 days, respectively), but the former induced indefinite survival in two of eight animals. Prednisolone on its own failed to bring about prolongation of survival and the combined use of soluble extract and prednisolone did not reveal a synergistic effect.Cytotoxic antibody titres in animals showing indefinite survival were very low, and there was no correlation between antibody titres and prolonged survival. It is assumed that the pretreatment with semi-soluble extract and prednisolone inhibited the formation of cytotoxic antibodies as well as cell-mediated immunity, and encouraged the formation of enhancing antibodies.To study the cellular and humoral reactivity of five prolonged survived kidney recipients, 1st and 2nd donor-specific skin grafts were carried out. The humoral and cell-mediated responses were somewhat delayed in these recipients but otherwise normal except for the absence of the second-set phenomenon.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYFive patients with aplastic anemia were shown to be sensitized in vivo to the transplantation antigens of HL-A identical and MLC nonreactive sibling bone marrow transplantation donors. The sensitization in four cases were detected by antibody-in dependent cell-mediated lysis (AICML) techniques, and in one case by antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis (ADCML). In two cases the inherited nature of the sensitizing antigen was demonstrated, and in one case the inheritance of the antigen was shown by a family study to be independent of the HL-A and MLC loci. Maximal AICML was demonstrated in two cases at the time of bone marrow graft rejection. Successful transplants after immunosuppression with rabbit anti-thymocyte serum, procarbazine, and cyclophosphamide were performed in two patients, in whom sensitization was detected before transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYI have measured the proportion of host cells in a popliteal lymph node undergoing a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction. By using cytotoxic alloantisera with specificity for donor and host Ag-B determined antigens, it was found that about 90% of live cells suspended from the node were of host origin. The role of host T lymphocytes in this reaction was evaluated by investigating GVH-reactivity in hosts depleted of T cells (B rats). These rats differed very little from normal hosts with regard to lymph node weight increase (which was, in fact, slightly enhanced), increase in node cellularity, and donor/host contribution. The number of i.v. infused51Cr-labelled thoracic duct lymphocytes localizing in popliteal lymph nodes undergoing a GVH-reaction was increased, but the significance of this phenomenon for the lymph node enlargement is questionable.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYPrevious studies have shown that antisera prepared in rabbits against mouse brain (RAMB) contains activity in vitro against the mouse bone marrow colony-forming unit (CFU) or hematopoietic stem cell. In the present study, in vitro treatment of mouse bone marrow with antisera prepared in rabbits against brain tissue from rats (BARB) or hamsters (RAHB) also reduced the CFU content of the mouse marrow. Prior absorption of the RAMB serum with fetal liver tissues from rats or hamsters as well as mice reduced the anti-CFU activity of the RAMB preparation. In addition, absorption of the RAMB preparation with brain tissue from any of the rodents reduced the activity of the antiserum for the mouse stem cell. It appears that the determinants previously shown to be shared by the brain tissue and stem cells of mice are cross-reactive with determinants present on the stem cells and brain tissue of rats and hamsters.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYTilorone is a synthetic amino-alkoxyfluorenone with demonstrated antiviral and antitumor properties. This study gives evidence for immunosuppressive properties of the substance as well.Buffalo rats (AgB6) received skin grafts from rats of the Fischer (AgB1) strain. Control animals rejected in 9.9 ± 1.1 days, compared to 13.7 ± 2.3 days for recipients treated with Tilorone. Steroids when combined with Tilorone further prolonged skin allografts to 16.7 ± 2.6 days.Heart allografts from Fischer (AgB1) and Brown-Norway (AgB3) to Lewis (AgB1) also were performed. In the Fischer to Lewis combination, allograft survival was prolonged from 14.7 ± 1.0 to 31.0 ± 3.8 days. In the Brown-Norway to Lewis combination, treated rats rejected in 10.2 ± 1.4 days versus 6.6 ± 1.1 days for controls.Increased levels of cytotoxic antibody specific to lymphocytes of the donor strain were noted in Tilorone-treated animals. The mechanism by which Tilorone prolongs allografts may well involve a combination of interferon production and specific suppression of thymus-derived lymphocytes.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYLymphocyte depletion by drainage of lymph via a thoracic duct fistula was accomplished in 51 renal transplant recipients as an adjunct method for immunosuppression. The duration of lymph flow varied between 2 and 53 days and the total drained lymph volume between 1 and 168 liters. The graft survival of these patients was compared to that of a control group of patients undergoing transplantation during a similar period. The followup period was 2–6 years. In patients receiving transplants from living related donors, no beneficial effect of lymphocyte depletion was demonstrated, probably because of the satisfactory graft survival among the control patients (84% at 1 year). However, in recipients of cadaveric kidneys, a significantly higher 1-year graft survival was achieved in the lymph-drained patients. Drainage for more than 30 days and of more than 20 liters improved the results. Additional suppression by thymectomy and institution of antilymphocyte globulin suggested that the best treatment would be a combination of both these measures with lymph drainage continuing for more than 30 days. Infection around the thoracic duct cannula occurred in 5 patients, necessitating removal of the cannula in 2. Two patients developed septicemia. In one of them the infection originated from an infected incisional wound and in the other probably from reinfusion of contaminated lymph plasma. Two other patients developed malignant tumors 23 and 58 months after transplantation, respectively. It is felt that lymphocyte depletion by lymph drainage is an effective supplementary method of immunosuppression to enhance graft survival in recipients of cadaveric renal transplants.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYHeterophile transplantation antigen and common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae appear serologically to be separate specificities. However, both antigens are common to Enterobacteriaceae, rat erythrocytes, and some human kidneys. Both antigens are obtained from various tissues by the same chemical procedure. Immunity to each antigen is frequently produced by renal transplantation. We suggest that the antigens are either separate molecules which are similar in chemical structure in the region of the antigenic determinant as well as in tissue distribution or separate reactive sites located on the same molecule. The possibility that common antigen may be a human alloantigen raises theoretical possibilities relative to susceptibility to infection and pyelonephritis, as well as to its relationship to histocompatibility.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe administration of methylprednisolone (MP) (2.125–4.125 g) to the cryoprecipitated plasma perfusate of 41 canine kidneys preserved with hypothermic pulsatile perfusion is associated with increased vascular resistance, decreased plasma flow, and rising perfusion pressure that become more pronounced over periods up to 20 hr. The magnitude of the increase in renal resistance is directly related in a bimodal fashion to the dose of MP and to the interval following drug administration. The increase in renal resistance is generally irreversible (three of four cases) under conditions of high MP dosage (2.125 g) administered for 4 hr or longer.Severe histological changes occurred in kidneys perfused with MP 20 hr or longer. These changes were primarily glomerular changes consisting of necrosis of capillary loops, occlusion of Bowman's space, basement membrane thickening, and endothelial cell damage; tubular changes consisting of occlusion of tubular lumens and tubular epithelial cell damage; and arteriolar changes consisting of occlusion primarily of afferent arterioles with dense eosinophilic material. These studies demonstrate that the administration of high doses of MP can produce irreversible hemodynamic and histological changes in the isolated, perfused kidney and may preclude its use in pretreating kidneys for transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID