ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pure suspensions of glomeruli and tubules were separated from allotransplanted and normal dog kidneys. Two days after transplantation, the glomeruli from first-set allotransplanted kidneys show a striking increase in enzyme activity exceeding that observed in control organs. At the same time, tubules from these transplants deomonstrated no significant change. In two animals, glomeruli from second-set organs also showed increased enzyme activity. Control experiments suggest that these results reflect the response of glomerular cells to the host immune reaction. It appears that some of the earliest biochemical responses in a transplanted dog kidney occur in the glomeruli.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Second-set reactions to skin graft in mice were used as the criterion in measuring the immunogenicity of liver and spleen tissue extracts and the inhibitory effect of the former. The different immunogenicity of extracts of the two tissues was shown to depend on immunogenetic donor-recipient differences; this is especially apparent when mixtures of both extracts are used. In strain combinations where liver extracts are incapable of sensitizing the host to a subsequent skin graft, the extracts can protect the host against the sensitizing activity of an immunogenic spleen extract administered simultaneously. The sensitizing activity of spleen extract can also be reduced by adding host-compatible extracts from fetal liver, spleen, or kidneys. These results seem to indicate some sort of competition between the antigens of various strength and the amount of the “ballast” nonantigenic components. We are inclined to conclude that the low immunogenicity of liver extracts results from: (1) the lower concentration of antigenic determinants and consequently a higher desensitizing capacity of the ballast components; (2) a difference in the antigens themselves; and (3) the possible presence of an antigenicity-neutralizing component specific for some tissues including liver.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mouse isoantisera were digested with papain, and the Fab fragments tested for cytotoxic and blocking activity in vitro and in vivo. It was found that Fab preparations specifically inhibited the action of cytotoxic antibody in vitro, but were not themselves cytotoxic. In vivo, Fab preparations induced immunological enhancement of the C57BL leukemia E.L.4.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The TA3 tumor is characterized by a heavy sialomucin cell surface coating demonstrable by specific histochemical staining. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid from the tumor cells resulted in an apparent increase in the specificity of this tumor. With neuraminidase treatment, 3000 TA3 cells produced lethal takes in only 6 ± 4% of allogeneic C3H hosts, compared with 56 ± 5% lethal takes observed in untreated C3H controls. Simple destruction of tumor cells by neuraminidase was unlikely since syngeneic strain A hosts regularly became distended after tumor injection although regression often occurred later. Nonspecific stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system was also unlikely since treatment of hosts with complete Freund's adjuvant was ineffective. Studies of tumor rejectors showed that a solid immunity could be obtained to an earlier, more specific TA3 line but could not be achieved with the nonspecific TA3 line. Results obtained so far are consistent with an explanation in terms of masking of isoantigens at the tumor cell surface with sialomucin.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The maturation of cellular immunity of the chicken was studied in three ways: (1) the effect of donor age on the graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction as measured by embryonic splenomegaly, (2) the host-versusgraft (HVG) reaction as measured by the antibody production of sensitized cells transplanted into neonatal host, and (3) the effect of recipient age on the GVH reaction as measured by embryonic splenomegaly. (1) The blood of 20-day donor embryos produced splenomegaly in 3 of 18 recipients and the blood of 22-day donor chicks produced splenomegaly in all of 40 recipients. Donors of intermediate ages produced mean splenomegaly directly proportional to the donor age. Furthermore, the GVH reactivity is present in the blood, but not in the thymus, of 20-day embryos. (2) The HVG reactivity of 2- to 3-day recipient chicks is inferred from a 16-fold enhancement of sheep erythrocyte hemagglutinin production by presensitized adult spleen cells in X-irradiated as compared to unirradiated hosts. (3) Maximal splenomegaly was obtained when 13- to 14-day embryo recipients were used, as evaluated by the spleen weight 6 days after injection, and a much smaller, but significant splenomegaly was obtained with 18-day embryo and 1- to 7-day chick recipients. The reduction in splenomegaly may reflect the presence of a HVG reactivity in older recipients, in keeping with the occasional success of 20-day embryo as a donor in the GVH reaction and the demonstration of HVG reaction in baby chicks.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evidence has been presented that allogeneic skin homografts may elicit formation of isoprecipitins directed against serum components. Of 24 rabbits grafted with skin from randomly selected donors, one produced isoprecipitins. This immune serum detected two antigens. One, a lipoprotein, was present in 38.8% of the rabbits tested. The other antigen which could not be characterized was found in 5.5% of the rabbits tested. A second precipitin-containing serum was found among 12 recipients which along with their donors had been selected for grafting on the basis of their serum reactions with the previously described antiserum. This antiserum detected a third serum antigen, an α -globulin, which was found in 72% of the rabbits tested. One guinea pig of 31 which had been grafted with allogeneic skin formed isoprecipitins against a serum antigen, probably γ -globulin, which was present in 41.3% of the guinea pigs tested.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Venom-induced C' inhibition had no demonstrable effect on survival of wattle allografts in the chicken or of renal allografts in the dog; however, it led to markedly prolonged survival of rabbit renal xeno-grafts in the dog. Complement seems to be one of multiple effector systems through which foreign tissues can be rejected. These experiments support the hypothesis that C' exerts its immunopathologic effects through the bursal-dependent (classical antibody), but not the thymus-dependent (small lymphocyte), immune recognition system.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A correlation between the strength of histocompatibility antigens and their efficacy as antigenic competitors to sheep red cells (SRC) has been found in conditions in which normal spleen cell populations were grafted to irradiated antigenic hosts and later challenged with SRC. Thus, competition took place between graft-versus-host reactivity and reactivity to SRC. The former was also evaluated by spleen assays, the latter by Jerne's hemolytic plaque technique. The seemingly inferior competitiveness of weak antigens, such as the Y-chromosome antigen, could be heightened to the level of strong H-2 antigens by pre-immunization of the donor. The response to SRC could be obliterated even in cell populations which were sensitized to SRC prior to the grafting. The time which the graft cells needed to be exposed to the host antigens before they would no longer react to SRC was certainly more than 3 days. By the 7th day competition was maximally expressed. The findings are discussed in relation to different views on the cellular basis of antigen recognition. It is concluded that these findings are difficult to reconcile with a random distribution of clonal reactivity. However, they are in good agreement with the previously formulated concept that antigenic strength is a function of the numbers of cells which, in the normal cell population, have the property of recognizing the corresponding antigen.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The radiochromium release cytotoxicity technique of Goodman, Sanderson, and Wigzell has been modified for the study of human lymphocyte isoantigens. A comparison of this method with dye exclusion cytotoxicity shows close correlation, indicating that 51Cr release is a function of cell damage and reflects the effect of specific antibody. Reproducibility of the technique is 97%. Study of reaction kinetics indicated that a 2-hr incubation period was optimal for human peripheral blood lymphocytes, but that other times might be better for cells from other sources. Our results indicated that room temperature (24 C) was preferable to 37 C in studies with human lymphocytes and human isoantisera. A survey of antigens on lymphocytes from 50 normal donors revealed antigen frequencies similar to that reported by other investigators using the same sera but different analytical techniques. Advantages of the 51Cr method include independence of variable staining and visual interpretation, technical ease and the requirement of few cells. A potential advantage lies in increased sensitivity with further reduction of the cell concentration in the test.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID