摘要:

Using antisera to human β2-microglobulin and an immunofluorescent technique, β2-microglobulin was found to be localized along tubular and glomerular basement membranes of renal biopsies studied. Since β2-microglobulin is a subunit of HLA preparations, it may also serve as an indirect marker for the presence of HLA antigens in these structures.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study reports the clinical and pathological findings in a patient with recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis following transplantation of an HLA-identical kidney. Such a recurrence has been previously reported only once, although membranous glomerulonephritis is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. This case confirms that membranous glomerulonephritis may occasionally recur following renal transplantation and demonstrates that immunofluorescence and electron microscopic studies may be necessary to distinguish recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis from the membranous changes frequently seen with chronic rejection. In light of the apparent low incidence of recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis, renal transplantation remains an excellent therapeutic option in this disease.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The requirement for antigen in primary and secondary mixed leukocyte culture was tested by removal of stimulating cells at various time points with antiserum plus complement. In the primary mixed leukocyte cultures, antigen was absolutely required for 24 hr and the need for antigen diminished essentially completely by 72 hr. In the primary mixed leukocyte culture, the antigen was required only for 6 to 9 hr. These findings are compared with other known parameters of in vitro generation of cytotoxic effector cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Five to ten per cent of the cells in lymph draining renal allografts in sheep have the morphology of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP). These cells have been examined by light and electron microscopy and their functional characteristics investigated. The vast majority of MNP were of recipient origin. Their traffic increased from about 106/ hr immediately after grafting to between 2 and 4 × 107/hr just prior to rejection.During the 1st 2 to 3 days, the majority of MNP had the morphology of monocytes, but the proportion of mature macrophages increased steadily to 30%. During the later stages, many of these large macrophages showed features of activation in terms of their spreading and phagocytic capacities.No NDA synthesis was observed in MNP until the latest stages, when a small proportion (<1%) of MNP labelled in vitro. Short-term cultures of lymph cells from kidneys undergoing rejection gave rise to numerous giant cells. It is suggested that there is continual traffic of MNP through the grafted kidney and that a proportion of MNP differentiate within the kidney and show features of activation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Rabbit kidneys were perfused with a solution of extracellular electrolyte composition, made hypertonic with glucose and containing the gelatin polypeptide preparation Haemaccel (Hoechst) as the only colloid. Perfusions were carried out at 5 and 10 C for 19 hr, and function was tested by autografting. All of the kidneys perfused at the higher temperature showed immediate life-sustaining function after transplantation and contralateral nephrectomy, whereas only one graft of five perfused at the lower temperature showed any function. The suitability of the Haemaccel solution as a vehicle for introducing the cryoprotective agent glycerol was tested by perfusing kidneys for 4 hr with a solution containing 2% glycerol; the function of these organs was similar to that of kidneys transplanted without perfusion.Ultrastructural examination of kidneys perfused for 24 hr at 10 C showed excellent structural preservation, but measurements of water and ion contents and the penetration of marker molecules in nonmetabolizing kidneys showed 2.8% Haemaccel to be somewhat less effective than 6% bovine serum albumin in stabilizing these values.The Haemaccel perfusate is considered to be highly suitable for the introduction and removal of cryoprotective agents, and the results of hypothermic preservation by continuous perfusion are encouraging.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a patient with an episode of acute renal allograft rejection, antibodies to tubular basement membranes (TBM) were noted by direct immunofluorescence in a renal biopsy and by indirect immunofluorescence in the serum. The serum antibodies decreased gradually and became undetectable 3 months after the rejected kidney was removed. Anti-TBM antibodies eluted from the rejected kidney were capable of binding in vitro to TBM but not to glomerular basement membranes (GBM) in 39 of 40 human kidneys and various animal kidneys. The specificity was confirmed by blocking studies showing inhibition with ultrasonicated human TBM but not with GBM preparations. Passive transfer experiments showed that anti-TBM antibodies were able to bind in vivo to normal rabbit kidneys, although they could not elicit an inflammatory response. The possible mechanisms of production of anti-TBM antibodies and their potential significance in graft loss are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cell-mediated immune responses are significantly reduced in fetal and newborn mice, furthermore, spleen cells of these animals are able to suppress the immune responses of adult lymphocytes in a variety of situations. Newborn mice sensitized to picryl chloride within 24 hr after birth fail to develop contact sensitivity reaction when tested several weeks later, and fetal mice do not develop graft-versus-host reaction when given injections of parental lymphocytes. Spleen cells of fetal or newborn mice are able to suppress the passive transfer of contact sensitivity and the local graft-versus-host reaction elicited by immunized parental cells in F1hybrid mice, and reduce significantly the severity of graft-versus-host reaction and mortality rate in cyclophosphamide-treated F1recipients. In no experiment were thymus cells of either fetal or newborn mice found to be inhibitory. The possible mechanisms of action and biological significance of fetal suppressor cells are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lewis rats were given graded doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) alone or in combination with graded doses of busulfan (BU), rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum, or BU plus rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum, and transplanted with bone marrow from syngeneic or allogeneic Ag-B-incompatible ACI donors. Another group of Lewis rats was given a standard dose of CY plus graded doses of BU followed by infusion of graded numbers of ACI marrow cells. The animals were followed for mortality and clinical and histological evidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Chimerism was indirectly assessed by donor allotyping and skin graft survival. Furthermore, the peripheral lymphocytes of the transplanted animals were typed with strain-specific cytotoxic alloantisera.After conditioning with CY alone, a direct relation between the dose of CY, evidence of engraftment, and appearance of GVHD was observed. Adding antithymocyte serum to the conditioning regimen reduced the incidence of GVHD but did not increase the fraction of chimeras or completeness of engraftment. Adding BU to the conditioning regimen increased the fraction of chimeras displaying earlier and more complete engraftment but also increased the incidence of GVHD. Adding BU also permitted a reduction in the critical number of donor cells required to establish engraftment.The data stress the importance of a myelosuppressive “space making” principle in addition to an immunosuppressive principle for successful bone marrow transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The role of human B and T lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was investigated using T- and B-enriched populations obtained either by centrifugation of E rosetting cells over a Ficoll-Isopaque gradient or after B or T cells had been killed by specific antihuman T lymphocyte antigen or antihuman B lymphocyte and monocyte antigen sera, respectively, in the presence of complement. Purified T lymphocytes responded to allogenic cells whereas they were unable to stimulate the MLR; in contrast, purified B lymphocytes were not activated but were found to be good stimulators. Treatment of the MLR, at the time of addition of tritiated thymidine, by antihuman T lymphocyte antigen serum and complement completely suppressed the thymidine incorporation, indicating that the bulk of the proliferative response was supported by the T lymphocytes. Additional experiments with populations depleted of complement or Fc receptor-bearing lymphocytes did not suggest that these B lymphocyte subpopulations played any major role in the MLR.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Enhancement of (AS × Aug)F1pancreatic islet allograft survival in diabetic AS rats was achieved by treating the recipient with a course of antidonor antiserum. Their survival in both untreated and treated recipients was compared with the survival of transplanted heart, kidney, and skin allografts similarly treated. The islet allografts in the untreated group were rejected by a mean of 3.2 days whereas the other allografts were rejected by a mean of 8.3 days. In the enhanced group all of the kidney allografts, 7 of 11 heart allografts, and 4 of 10 islet allografts had a prolonged survival, whereas none of the skin allografts had a prolonged survival. Islet allografts are thus more susceptible to rejection than other tissues, but their survival can be prolonged using specific immunosuppression. The reasons for the increased susceptibility to rejection are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID