摘要:

A method for isolation of allograft-infiltrating cells in a functionally viable state is described in this article. The method is based on the use of a spongious tissue into which cells of strain A (e.g., fibroblasts or tumor cells) are grown. The resulting graft is then transplanted to a strain B animal, and the infiltrating cells are released from it by gentle compression. The graft-infiltrating cells are completely recovered, and they may be processed for further experimentation and analysis by employing exclusively physical methods of cell preparation. As an example of future applications, some preliminary results on density- and charge fractionation of the graft-infiltrating cells are also reported.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cell-mediated immune reactivity against murine histocompatibility antigens was compared by using both the microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) and the51chromium release assay (CRA). In both assay systems the data obtained showed T cell-mediated reactivity. In the CRA only T lymphocytes were detectable, which were cytotoxic. In contrast, in the MCA reactivity of nonlytic secondary T cells (NLST) was also detected. NLST acquired their MCA-reactivity within the first 24 hr of the 48-hr test period of the MCA. Circumstantial evidence is provided suggesting that MCA reactivity is a product of two different processes, namely, antigen-specific restimulation of immune T cells and shedding of cytotoxicity inhibiting factors.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Treatment of BN recipients with soluble WAG/Rij histocompatibility antigens (HCA) did not produce prolongation of (WAG/Rij x BN)F1heart allografts but resulted in specific sensitization of the recipients in most cases. Three different anti-WAG/Rij sera (ADS) were tested, either alone or complexed in equivalence to 0.5 mg of HCA. Depending on the serum used, ADS alone produced only a moderate prolongation of heart allograft survival or had no effect at all. Antigen-antibody complexes given i.v. on days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 induced a prolonged or indefinite cardiac graft survival (> 200 days), as well as accelerated graft rejection, depending on the source of the ADS used in immune complex formation. One month after heart transplantation, BN recipients, treated with antigen-antibody complexes, demonstrated normal graft-versus-host reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes, but rejected donor-type skin grafts in a slightly delayed fashion.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The loss of 5'-adenine nucleotides from kidney tissue subjected to acute ischaemia can be indirectly estimated by washing out the end product of catabolism, hypoxan thine, from the ischaemic tissue to the perfusate. As a correlation has previously been demonstrated between the duration of the previous normothermic ischaemia and the washout of hypoxanthine during preservation, hypoxanthine has been studied as a prospective measurement of ischaemic renal damage, by transplantation of rabbit kidneys. The results were compared to the already established parameters L-lactate and lactate dehydrogenase. Different ischaemic traumata and methods of preservation have been employed in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to the ischaemic kidney damage as evaluated by the functional regeneration of the grafts after autotransplantation. The wash-out of hypoxanthine was found to be correlated to such a degree to the reversibility of the ischaemic cell degeneration that a certain in vitro exclusion of the irreversibly damaged kidney grafts was possible. It is concluded that hypoxanthine can function as a reliable and sensitive measurement for the in vitro establishment of the ischaemic kidney parenchymal damage, and that it can be employed clinically with advantage.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A sensitive micromethod for generating and assaying allogeneically induced cytotoxic human lymphocytes in vitro is described. Responding lymphocytes are cultured with mitomycin-C treated allogeneic stimulating cells in wells of replicate microtrays for both one-way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. On day 5, MLC response is determined by measuring3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation directly in wells of the MLC tray. On day 6 or 7 CML response is determined by measuring51Cr released from labeled target cells added to replicate culture wells in the CML tray. It is thus possible to measure both MLC and CML responses of the 2.5 x 104−1 x 105responding lymphocytes originally placed in replicate wells.51Cr-labeled target cells can be added to wells containing dilutions of the stimulated cells and a log-linear relationship between the per cent specific51Cr release and number of effector cells is observed. Significant levels of specific cytoxicity are detected at ratios as low as one effector cell per target cell; little cross-killing on third-party cells and no autokilling is observed. Lymphocytes purified from whole blood that is stored overnight at room temperature and purified lymphocytes stored overnight in the cold generate MLC and CML responses comparable to those of lymphocytes purified from fresh blood. Only 2 or 3 ml of whole blood are required to perform both MLC and CML assays, thus enabling the study of both proliferative and cytotoxic lymphocyte responses in young children and other individuals from whom only a few milliliters of blood can be obtained.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Calves were sensitized to tuberculin and histoplasmin. The delayed-type hypersensitivity skin response to these antigens was produced and the diameter of induration measured. Repeated skin tests prior to filtration demonstrated that the amount of induration produced by these skin tests was closely reproducible. Histoplasmin or tuberculin-coated columns were then introduced into a closed circuit extracorporeal thoracic duct circulation. A significant (P< 0.01) reduction or ablation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response was obtained to the antigen used to coat the column. In contrast, no significant reduction occurred in the skin test response to the other antigen. Repeated skin tests to both antigens after the cessation of filtration showed a gradual rise toward prefiltration levels in the skin test to the filtered antigen. The results of these experiments indicate that a selective population of T lymphocytes can be removed from an in vivo system. The removal of these cells can selectively reduce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test response to a particular antigen. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a type of in vivo selective immunosup pression can be produced by antigen-coated columns when they are placed in an extracorporeal thoracic duct lymph circulation system.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Analysis of over 1,000 kidney retransplants revealed an important effect of first graft duration and presensitization on graft outcome. Second cadaver donor grafts into patients without preformed cytotoxic antibodies and a first graft duration of more than 12 months survived at a high 1-year rate of 71 \pm 6%, in contrast to 29 \pm 6% in those whose first graft had failed in 1–3 months (P< 0.0001). Third or fourth transplants into patients with preformed cytotoxins survived at the poor rate of 17 \pm 6% at 1 year. To repeat all HLA mismatches from the first graft was found to result in decreased second graft survival.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The cellular and humoral immune response against donor lymphocytes was studied in 10 patients transplanted with kidneys from living related donors. Nine of the grafts were functioning well at the time of the study.No direct (T) cell-mediated cytotoxicity against donor cells was demonstrated. Specific anti-donor antibodies were found in two recipients with well accepted grafts. Their antisera were active in antibody-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (AICC) and inhibited the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), but were negative in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Thus, no single immunological factor responsible for a favorable clinical course could be demonstrated. Neither complete T nor complete B cell tolerance against donor cells had developed, and a well tolerated graft could co-exist with antibodies directed against donor cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A new flushing solution consisting of electrolytes and mannitol has provided successful 3 day canine kidney preservation evidenced by immediate life-supporting renal function. In our experiments the solutions described by Sacks and Collins have failed to achieve this prolonged renal storage but have been successful in storing canine kidneys for 2 days. This relatively simple new hypertonic solution does not require additives and has been successfully used in clinical renal transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cellular events in the spleen during the development of acute GvH reaction in lethally irradiated recipients of allogeneic lymphocytes may be divided into 6 interrelated processes: (1) entering and lodging in the spleen of about 17% of inoculated cells which forms the compartment of potentially reactive cells; (2) transformation (recruitment) of about 30% of cells lodged in the spleen into large pyroninophilic cells (LPC), a process lasting about 12–16 hr; (3) proliferation of recruited LPC by five successive divisions with a Tc of about 12 hr; (4) transformation of LPC into non-LPC; (5) proliferation of non-LPC by one division, with a Tc of about 8 hr; and (6) migration of mature immunologically active cells from the spleen. The last process correlates well with the concomitant appearance of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood (killer cells) and with the time of acute death among inoculated mice.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1976

数据来源: OVID