摘要:

Further experiments with two homotransplantable lymphomas are reported. Previously, it was demonstrated that each tumor provoked a different morphological response in the recipients' lymphoid tissues. One of the lymphomas, which metastasizes widely, was found to stimulate marked plasmacytosis in the draining nodes; the other, which does not metastasize, induced a massive proliferation of sinus histiocytes and interfollicular blast cells. In the present work, immunofluorescent staining in tissues from hamsters bearing subcutaneous grafts of the two tumors has been compared, using a conjugated rabbit anti-hamster γ-globulin serum. The metastasizing tumor stimulates a marked increase in specifically stained lymphoid cells in the medullary cords of the draining nodes and in the spleen; most of the tumor cells themselves are also coated with γ-globulin. The nonmetastasizing lymphoma evokes a different response with a small increase in stained cells in the regional nodes, moderately increased staining in the spleen, but no staining of the tumor cells. These observations provide further evidence for the view that the metastasizing lymphoma initiates a predominantly humoral immune response. The nonmetastasizing lymphoma is associated with a more complex reaction: cellular mechanisms predominate but humoral components, principally derived from the spleen, are also involved, which may be specific enhancing antibodies. General implications are considered.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two annelid species (Family Lumbricidae),Lumbricus terrestrisandEisenia foetidareject orthotopic xenografts of integument. Ninety-three first-set and 46 second-set xenografts were exchanged. Both autografts and xenografts healed in during the first 24 hours, but subsequent events always led to destruction of xenografts at times ranging from 6–147 days. Gross signs of rejection began with pigment cell breakdown after 4–56 days. Soon after graft healing was initially achieved, acidophil cells infiltrated the graft-host contact zone. These phagocytic cells which probably originate from the lymph glands were more frequently associated with xenografts than autografts. Most second-set xenografts were destroyed by accelerated reactions; however a significant number showed the opposite effect, i.e., prolonged survival in relation to first-set grafts. Two important features emerged: (1) acute rejectors (11 days or less) of first-sets always showed prolonged survival of second-sets, whereas chronic rejectors generally showed accelerated destruction of repeat grafts; (2) short intervals (0–4 days) between first- and second-set grafts produced accelerated rejections, while extended intervals (33–71 days) led to prolonged survival of repeat grafts. Early onset of rejection of second-set grafts usually was followed by accelerated breakdown; conversely, late onsets of rejection were followed by prolonged survival. There was no apparent donor specificity in the rejection times of repeat grafts. This may reflect the predominance of many common species-specific xenogeneic antigens over alloantigens coupled with an apparent lack of precise host receptors for their detection.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seven series of fish were operated upon with one donor in each series donating 10 scales to each of six recipients. In all, 42 fish received homografts from seven donors. Graft data indicate that this species shows a typical homograft response with complete rejection of all homografts and indeterminate survival of all autografts. Some initial destruction of autografts is noted and a hypothesis is described relating the subsequent recovery of autografts to a “lag” period noticed in homograft destruction.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Accelerated rejection of skin grafts from inbred Lewis rats was observed in isogeneic Brown Norway (BN) rats following sensitization of the BN hosts with kidneys “transplanted” from Lewis rats. The sole contact between the donor kidney and the host tissues was through the blood circulating in connecting cannulae. Evidence of host sensitization was observed when kidneys were connected to the host circulation for periods as short as ½ hr. The degree of sensitization was determined in individual rats by noting the rejection time for a first and then a second challenging skin graft from rats isogeneic with the donor strain. When the time required for rejection was the same for the two test grafts, it was concluded that the host was reacting maximally to the first challenge graft, and therefore it had been sensitized by the donor kidney. Comparison of the rejection times for these sequential skin grafts has proved useful for detection of accelerated reactions in weakly sensitized animals. The procedure permits each animal to be evaluated individually and obviates the need for statistical comparisons of groups in which a positive response in one animal may be masked by negative reactions in others. In additional experiments, saline was injected into the renal artery of isolated Lewis kidneys and then collected from the renal vein. The i.v. injections of the perfusates into normal BN rats resulted in specific sensitivity to donor skin allografts. Evidently, antigenic substances from the kidney were released into the saline perfusates without requiring host cells to “take up” the antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Macroscopic growth of human cancer cell lines J-111 and RPMI-41 occurred frequently in the interscapular brown fat pad (as well as in lungs and certain other organs) following i.v. inoculation into newborn rats. Tumor growth in this tissue of rats has not been observed previously, to our knowledge, with cither spontaneous or transplanted tumors. HEp 2 cells rarely grew in the fat pad, although they did grow well in lungs and adrenals. Consideration of the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the interscapular fat pad suggests that the local tissue milieu has a greater influence than vascular anatomy on the deposition and growth of the tumor cells in this structure.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Primary skin allografts taken from mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and grafted to normal recipients underwent accelerated rejection, suggesting a quantitative change in the rejection process. Primary skin isografts from tumor-bearing donors also were observed to undergo rejection in 8–9 days when placed on normal recipients. Rejection of isografts suggests a qualitative change in the tissue of the tumor-bearing donor. Accelerated rejection of primary allografts by normal hosts apparently constitutes an expression of immunological memory in the absence of previous experience, i.e., no prior exposure to transplantation antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The mixed leucocyte reaction has been studied using lymphocytes from three inbred rat strains and their F1hybrids. The results indicate that the reaction in these strains detects histoincompatibility only at the strongH-locus(Ag-B).Analysis of the results suggests that antigens determined byAg-Balleles vary in the strength of reaction they elicit from histoincompatible lymphocytes or that lymphocytes from rats of different strains vary in intensity of reaction to the antigen.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As an exploratory first step toward the production of leukocyte antisera of circumscribed and predictable specificity, 10 volunteers were immunized, each to the leukocytes of a single donor. Washed leukocyte suspensions were injected i.d. and i.m. and in four instances, transfusions were given. All the volunteers developed leukoagglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies to leukocytes in 40–293 days. These antibodies persisted for 72–223 days after the final injection. Seven of the 10 developed complement-fixing antibodies to the donors' platelets. The induced antisera have been used for leukocyte grouping of other normal subjects.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Eleven volunteers have been immunized by s.c. injections of washed leukocyte suspensions, each from a single donor. Agglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies to leukocytes were demonstrable in 30–106 days after the initial injection and have persisted up to 450 days from the time of the last booster antigen. Immunizing donors were paired on the basis of their leukocyte reactions with previously induced leukocyte antisera, with the goal of inducing sera which would recognize previously identified specificities. Two of these sera did so. Cross absorption studies indicate that none of the sera are monospecific, but four of these are of fairly high specificity and three others may be considered of moderate specificity. Reaction to these sera with cells of 219 random donors indicates significant correlations in activity between several of the sera thus produced. Although more laborious than the harvesting of maternal antisera, this technique of induction is safe and practical.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A total of 231 serum samples from 41 patients before and after first and second kidney transplants were investigated for the presence of cytotoxic antibodies. After transplantation 11 of 29 patients had cytotoxic antibodies in contrast to 4 of 21 patients before transplantation. In 10 patients who had their renal grafts removed because of rejection, 9 had demonstrable cytotoxic antibodies. Patients with cytotoxins generally tended to have worse kidney function and transplant failure than patients without cytotoxins (P< 0.005). Moreover, 11 of 14 transplants done in patients with preformed cytotoxins resulted in early transplant failure. From these findings, it appears that humoral cytotoxic antibodies are associated with kidney transplant rejections and that they either act directly on the transplant or serve as indicators of a state of presensitization.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1968

数据来源: OVID