摘要:

SUMMARYSevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was diagnosed in a girl immediately after birth; her older brother had SCID and was successfully reconstituted by bone marrow transplantation from his uncle. She was isolated in a laminar air flow bench and decontaminated.The father differed by one HLA-A antigen but was HLA-Dw2 homozygous like the patient; his lymphocytes showed a slight response to the patient's cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). At the age of 21/2 months and again at 5 months, she was given a bone marrow transplant from the father.During the entire course the patient had no infections, and apart from a transient eosinophilia she had no signs of graftversus-host reaction. Immunological reconstitution was nearly complete at 9 months of age, when she was recontaminated.One year later plasma immunoglobulin concentrations are in the low normal range (IgG and IgM) or decreased (IgA); tests of cell-mediated immunity are normal. Apart from slight upper respiratory infections, the patient has been healthy. Physical and psychological development have been normal.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYIn dogs, the rejection of the allotransplanted pancreas was studied using the electron microscope. Eighteen pancreatic grafts were examined 48 hr to 10 days after transplantation without immunosuppresive therapy.Within 3 days, interstitial edema and large mononuclear cell infiltration were observed, but the pancreatic parenchyma and small vessels showed no clear changes. From the 4th to 5th day, large mononuclear cell and lymphocyte infiltration increased around the vessels and often large mononuclear cells were observed adherent to the acinar cells. At the same time, zymogen granules decreased in number and lipid droplets and autophagosomes appeared in the acinar cells. The islet cells and the endothelial cells of small vessels appeared to be normal. From the 6th to 10th day, a large quantity of electron-dense fiber-like material was found in the interstitial spaces, and plasma cell infiltration had increased. In the small vessels, mitochondrial swelling of the endothelial cells and destruction of cristae, as well as deposits of platelets and thrombus formation in the capillary lumen were observed. In the acinar cells, a decreased number of zymogen granules, fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and enlargement of cisternae with an increment of large autophagosomes were seen. Islet cells showed little change, with some swelling of mitochondria, destruction of cristae, and reduced Golgi complex activity. However, ganglion cells and their fibers were normal.From these results, it is suggested that in pancreatic grafts, infiltrating immunologically competent cells may have a more important role in rejection than in ischemic changes attributable to vascular damage.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA marked rise is seen in the number of white blood cells in the lymph leaving the sheep kidney after allografting; the number of lymphocytes leaving the kidney rising in direct relation to the degree of damage from acute rejection. No such rise is demonstrable in the number of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct lymph of sheep with rejecting kidney allografts. Indeed, there is an apparent decrease in the number of circulating lymphocytes in the body when acute rejection is fully developed. Animals on immunosuppressive regimens show no alteration in the number of lymphocytes collected on thoracic duct cannulation, but immunosuppression appears to reduce the lymphocyte traffic through the kidney.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYRenal allografting was performed between DLA-identical beagle littermates without immunosuppressive treatment. One transfusion of 200 ml of parental blood was given 14 days prior to transplantation. A parent of the kidney donor and recipient was chosen as blood donor to induce the formation of antibodies against non-DLA antigens that might enhance renal graft survival. Kidney graft survival times of transfused dogs were compared with the survival times of DLA-identical nontransfused littermates. Blood transfusions did not have a significant influence on the median graft survival time. Antibodies against the kidney donor lymphocytes were not demonstrated after blood transfusions. However, antibodies were induced in three of the six animals tested as shown by the reactivity of the sera of these animals against a lymphocyte panel. Antibodies occurred in animals with long-term as well as short-term surviving grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe use of defined inbred strains of rats enables reproducible experimentation on the antigenicity of heart valve leaflet transplantation. The inbred strains CAP, F344, and LEW were used as syngeneic, weakly allogeneic (RT-1-identical) and strongly allogeneic (RT-1-incompatible) strain combinations. After heart valve leaflet transplantation, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were investigated. The results were: (1) Allogeneic heart valve leaflets are antigenic. (2) Just one heart valve leaflet, applied intravascularly induces sensitization of the recipient. (3) In the weakly allogeneic system, sensitization is only revealed by donor-specific skin transplants, while in the strongly allogeneic group, sensitization is demonstrated humorally as well. (4) The greater the immunogenetical difference, the sooner sensitization appears. In the strongly allogeneic system, skin transplants were rejected as “white grafts.”

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYUrinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were measured in 181 patients with renal allografts during a 15-month period. Activities were high immediately after transplantation but decreased rapidly in the absence of complication. Urinary NAG activities increased by 50% or more in relation to 33 of 36 (92%) episodes of acute rejection diagnosed and treated by clinicians during the first 90 days after transplantation. The increase preceded clinical diagnosis in 70% of the cases, the median interval being 1.5 days. NAG activities decreased after treatment for rejection in 90% of the cases. Chronic rejection, renal vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, oliguria, hypotension, and the administration of gentamicin may also cause increased NAG activity.Urinary NAG assay is simple and inexpensive, and is a useful aid to the early diagnosis of rejection of renal transplants. Results must, however, be interpreted by the clinician, bearing in mind other causes for increased activity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYLong-lasting and stable lymphoid cell chimerism has been noted in three littermates of a group of five rabbits given injections at birth of spleen cells of an allotype-suppressed adult rabbit. The chimeric state manifested itself by the simultaneous display of light and heavy chain markers directed by donor and recipient genotypes in serum immunoglobulins (Ig), on blood lymphocytes, and on antibody molecules made in response to stimulation with three test antigens. Although the genotypes of two of the chimeras were found to be a1a1/b9b9 and the third to be a1a1/b6b9, phenotypically all three were a1a2/b5b6b9. By all of the criteria used to analyze the distribution of allotypes, Ig with the recipients' own allotypes predominated over that controlled by the donor's genotype. With only minor deviations the same proportions of recipient to donor types prevailed in total serum Ig and in the antibody fractions tested.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYFour patients with acute leukemia and one with aplastic anemia were not transfused within 90 days before marrow transplantation from the HLA-identical sibling. When studied 4 to 12 1/2 months after transplantation their immunoglobulin allotypes were those of their donors.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYDaily simultaneous recordings of an electrocardiogram and an external thorax phonocardiogram and abdominal phonocardiogram were obtained in 24 rats with abdominal heart grafts so that rejection could be studied. The sounds recorded above the heterotopic heart are the result of a pressure differential between host and graft ventricle competing with one another. As soon as the contractility of the graft ventricle decreases below the contractility of the host ventricle, characteristic and specific changes occur in the abdominal phonocardiogram: the amplitude of the first sound becomes smaller while the timing of the second heart sound (aortic valve closure) is subsequently controlled by the host ventricle. These observations coincide with clinical and histological symptoms of rejection and are, therefore, of diagnostic value. In addition, a rough quantitative record of graft function is obtained by abdominal phonocardiography using the host's own cardiac function as a reference parameter.In the heterotopic heart transplanted to the abdominal great vessels of the rat, graft function is examined usually by direct palpation. Postoperatively, a vigorous beat can be felt reflecting good contractility of the myocardium. With the onset of graft rejection, the heartbeat becomes weaker and finally ceases whereas the host continues to thrive supported by his own heart. As a result of the heterotopic position of the graft, no quantitative information is obtained about its actual working capacity. Specifically, in the case of prolonged graft survival, one would like to know if the heterotopic heart really would be capable of sustaining life. Although the electrocardiogram may record qualitative changes (1), we have found that the phonocardiogram allows a more quantitative assessment of graft function. The host's own heart thereby serves as the standard for comparison.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYOptimal conditions for the killing of normal human lymphocytes by IgG antibody and autologous normal human serum were established. When serum from a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was used in place of the normal serum, the rate and extent of killing was markedly reduced. Levels of all complement components were equivalent in the normal and leukemic sera. Furthermore, if the patient's serum was mixed with normal serum, killing was inhibited at concentrations of the patient's serum of 25% or more. A purified preparation of a C3 inhibitor, previously demonstrated to occur in these patients, had a similar effect when mixed with normal serum. In addition, sensitized target cells incubated with this inhibitor and normal serum remained viable after washing and reexposure to fresh serum. If, however, the inhibitor was added to the sensitized cells in the absence of serum and then removed, killing proceeded normally on the subsequent addition of normal serum. Finally, the inhibitor was able to be eluted from sensitized target cells exposed to the inhibitor in the presence of serum. It would appear, therefore, that the inhibitor fixes to a sensitized cell in the presence of complement yielding a target cell that is resistant to the cytotoxic activity of complement. The fact that the inhibitor may also be eluted from cells obtained from the bone marrow of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia when the tumor burden is high suggests that a similar process may also occur in vivo.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1978

数据来源: OVID