ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Seven drugs or combinations of drugs have been used to suppress the immune response to renal homografts in 79 bilaterally nephrectomized dogs: Actinomycin C alone; Imuran in combination with 6‐methyl‐aminopurine; Imuran in combination with 4‐hydroxypyrazolopyramidine; Imuran in combination with Actinomycin C; Imuran in combination with Methotrexate; Imuran in combination with Azaserine; and Imuran in combination with 6‐diazo‐5‐oxo‐L‐norleucine.The combination of Imuran and Azaserine has proven the most effective for both survival and function of the transplant. The specificity of drug tolerance in long term survivors has been tested by subsequent skin homografts from the kidney graft donors and from indifferent third party donors. All skin grafts were rejected. Cross reaction with the kidney transplant is evaluated and discussed. Incipient rejection of the renal homografts was treated with Actinomycin C and cortisone and was effective in 50% of the cases. Two renal homografts from unrelated donors were transplanted into the same recipient. Results indicate that the origin of the kidney rather than the aggressiveness of the host's immune response is responsible to some degree for these prolonged survivals. Specific pre‐treatment of the host with antigen and drug therapy was tested; no prolonged survivors were obtained by these methods.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Following the injection of AK leukemia into Swiss mice, a dosage effect can be demonstrated on the survival of the leukemia in nonsusceptible Swiss mice. Additional evidence is presented suggesting that there is a development of a constant concentration of leukemic cells in the Swiss mice spleens which is apparently independent of the injection dosage.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A substantial fraction of the H‐2 determined isoantigens of the C57BL/6 mouse have been found to be closely associated with the acid phosphatase‐rich lysosomal fraction of the cell. These antigens occur in high concentration in organs of the RES and undergo marked increase during “activation” of this system. A hypothesis is proposed that these antigens are especially abundant in a system of organelles which mediate the secretory and phagocytic functions of various cells.Antigen was detectable by a serologic technique in the tissues of newborn animals. On the first day of life the antigen concentration of the liver exceeded that of the spleen, but the more rapid increase in splenic activity resulted in a reversal of these relative specific activities on the 5th‐7th days. Adult levels were not attained until the 28th day of life.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The incidence of runt disease induced by the administration of C57BL spleen cells to newborn Swiss mice was significantly lower in small litters of 1 to 4 siblings than in large litters of 7 to 10 siblings. Discarding some of the siblings of large litters reduced the incidence of runt disease but it still remained higher than in originally small litters. This indicated that while postnatal factors contributed to the inhibition of runt disease in small litters, this was mainly due to prenatal factors. It is suggested that the prenatal factor may be a higher immunologic maturity at birth of small litters, while the postnatal factor may be the provision of larger amounts of natural antibodies against C57BL cells to the individual siblings of small litters. No influence of litter size on the incidence of runt disease was found in mice of the RIII strain.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In these studies a quantitative estimate was made of the decrease in proliferative capacity and immunologic activity of spleen cells exposed to 400 r of total body X‐irradiation. The decreased proliferative capacity of irradiated CBA spleen cells was inferred from a decreased ability to induce homograft tolerance in newborn C3H mice as compared to the ability of various doses of non‐irradiated CBA spleen cells to induce homograft tolerance. The decreased immunologic activity of CBA spleen cells was estimated from a decreased capacity to induce a graft‐versus‐host reaction in newborn C57BL/6 mice as compared to the capacity of standard doses of non‐irradiated CBA cells to elicit a graft‐versus‐host reaction. The results indicate that 400 r of total body X‐irradiation reduces the proliferative capacity of CBA spleen cells by about 95‐96% and the immunologic activity by about 98‐99%.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Experiments were done to determine if antigen or a transfer factor escaped from millipore chambers containing viable cells with subsequent immunization of the recipient mice. Homologous nonsensitized and isologous sensitized lymphoid cells enclosed in millipore chambers were transferred to recipient mice. After appropriate time intervals, the hosts were tested by skin homografts. There was no evidence that recipients were immunized by an escape from the chambers of homologous cells, of antigen carried over with sensitized cells, or of a transfer factor. In mice given 650 r total body irradiation, a dose sufficient to prolong the MST of first‐set grafts by 6 days, accelerated rejection of test skin homografts was achieved by lymphoid cells sensitized to homologous tissues and enclosed in millipore chambers. That leakage of cells might occur, but in numbers too small to effect immunization of the host, was indicated by the deaths of 5 of 53 recipients of virulent leukemia cells placed in chambers. In guinea pigs, tuberculin and contact chemical sensitivity could not be transferred by cells sensitized to tubercle bacilli or dinitrofluorobenzene and contained in cell‐impenetrable millipore chambers. These data corroborated the conclusion that transplantation immunity on the one hand and tuberculin and contact sensitivity on the other hand are mediated by different immunologic mechanisms.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Genetic influences on completeness and specificity of tolerance induced by whole blood injections into newly hatched chicks have been investigated. Donor cells from 1‐week‐old chicks had no adverse effects on weight gains or survival but produced some degree of tolerance in all recipient chicks. Cells from 2‐ to 9‐week‐old donors were apparently capable of producing splenomegaly and heavy mortality but did not always do so. The injection of whole blood in one combination of genetically diverse lines (R→C) produced no splenomegaly in a proportion of the recipients. Specificity of tolerance was high or low depending on donor‐host line combination, viz. R→C produced tolerance to R but little or no tolerance to N grafts, whereas N→C produced tolerance to NandR grafts. Discussion of the results centers on the hypothesis that cross‐tolerance is due to shared antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Prolonged survival of grafts from offspring to mother has been reported in man and in the rat. We have studied this phenomenon in rabbits using the technique of ova transplantation which permits separation of genetic and environmental factors in pregnancy. Neither factor significantly altered the survival of grafts from offspring to mother in this species. Possible explanations of the phenomenon observed in man and the rat are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Lethally irradiated dogs, 1500 r, were given infusions of fetal hematopoietic tissue (16 dogs), adult marrow and fetal hematopoietic tissue (17 dogs), and adult marrow and adult spleen (8 dogs). The incidence of successful engraftment, graft rejection, and secondary syndromes was found to be similar to that observed after adult marrow alone. It is concluded that in this species as in the mouse successful marrow engraftment and survival of secondary syndromes depend primarily on a choice of donor and recipient of reasonable histocompatibility.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1963

数据来源: OVID