摘要:

An immune inflammatory reaction of the delayed type was locally induced in chickens by the intradermal inoculation of homologous lymphocytes. Impaired viability of the inoculum leads to a suppressed reaction, and X-irradiation of the recipient chickens retarded its onset. The reaction was relatively stronger in young chickens than in adult ones. Treatment with cytostatic drugs revealed two patterns of immunosuppressive action. One type of drug, represented by amethopterin, ibenzmethyzin, and cyclophosphamide, inhibited the reaction predominantly in its early stages. In its late phase the reaction could be even enhanced, espeically with amethopterin. On the other hand, actinomycin D, azathioprine, and colchizine reduced the reaction throughout its course. This model of a graft-versus-host-directed immune response involving the interaction of lymphocytes with tissue antigens should permit the study of how immunopathological processes can be altered.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of parabiosis of 1 week or less on allograft and serological reactions in A/J (H-2a) and CBA (H-2k) mice was studied. Parabionts separated after 3 days of union rejected exchange grafts in an accelerated fashion, but parabionts separated after 7 days did not. Plasma taken from CBA and A/J parabionts after 7 days of union was able to prolong specifically the survival of CBA and A/J skin allo-grafts on normal A/J and CBA mice. Although hemagglutinins and cytotoxic antibodies were not detected, several experiments suggested that the active factors in parabiotic plasma taken from A/J parabionts were antibodies directed against CBA antigens. The properties of parabiotic plasma differ from previously described properties of enhancing antiserum in that parabiotic plasma contained no hemagglutinins and was able to enhance skin graft survival across both H-2 and non-H-2 histocompatibility differences. The experimental findings suggest that changes in allograft immunity induced in adult mice by large doses of histocompatibility antigen may be explained by the complicated interaction of both cellular and humoral immune responses rather than by cellular responses alone.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

(C57BL/6 X DBA/2) F1hybrid mice injected at the age of 6 weeks with C57BL/6 spleen cells were killed at regular intervals from 1 week to 15 months after the administration of parental cells and their tissues were examined histologically. The earliest changes in the spleen and lymph nodes consisted of proliferation of large mono-nuclear cells, together with varying degrees of small lymphocyte depletion. Thereafter, three types of abnormalities of the lymphoid tissue were found: (1) atrophy, (2) expansion of lymph follicles into irregular masses of pleomorphic cells, (3) replacement of lymph follicles by histiocytes. The latter two lesions are thought to represent the antecedents of the malignant lymphomas which may develop in the long-term survivors of the graft-versus-host reaction. These findings support the concept that the transition from an immunological disorder, allogeneic disease, to a malignant growth is part of a continuous process initiated by the transplantation of foreign lymphoid cells. Thymic atrophy was not a feature in the present parent-hybrid combination, suggesting that the manifestations of the graft-versus-host reaction are not necessarily dependent on thymic destruction.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The antigenic interrelationship between rat strains AS, BS, and HS, has been investigated by cross immunization experiments, and grafting from third strain donors to F1hybrid hosts from crosses between any two of the three strains. Six categories of antigens could be distinguished in these strains: three antigens (or groups of antigens) each of which is specific for one of the three strains; and three antigens (or groups of antigens) one of which is shared by any two of the strains but is absent in the third strain. An estimation was made of the number of independently segregating histocompatibility loci for each strain in respect of each of the other two strains. Estimates ranged from 8 to 14 loci. It is suggested that one to three important histocompatibility loci may be occupied by the same allele in all three strains.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mice pretreated with γ-irradiated benzpyrene induced ascites sarcoma (B.P.8) cells and later challenged intraperitoneally with viable B.P.8 grafts first pass through a phase characterized by accelerated destruction or immunity followed by one in which graft enhancement occurs. The type of response observed is dependent on the interval between pretreatment and challenge.Pretreatment schedules calculated to provoke enhancement of subsequently grafted tissue do not cause quantitative or qualitative deficiencies in the host cellular response.Ascitic fluid containing antibody from individuals exhibiting enhancement was found to interfere with the capacity of host cells, obtained from the same ascites, to effect adoptive immunization.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The administration of a single injection of rabbit antimouse lymphocyte serum (ALS) results in a temporary lymphopenia and the prolonged survival of A strain skin grafts on CBA mice. Both lymphopenia and immunosuppression can be prolonged by the addition of a combination of a purine and a pyrimidine antagonist (bromo-deoxyuridine and thioguanine) without further ALS administration. The optimal dose of drugs required for maximal immunosuppression and minimal toxicity can be monitored continuously during administration by maintaining a peripheral lymphocyte count between 500 and 2000/mm3. Greater degrees of immunosuppression can be attained by the addition of nontoxic doses of cortisone acetate to the single ALS injection. These studies suggest that the dangers of the prolonged administration of heterologous serum products may be avoided by the addition of standard immunosuppressants to short courses of antilymphocyte sera.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Mixed leukocyte cultures which have been artificially depleted of their polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been shown to have impaired blast transformation. The results of human MLR cultures which contain polymorphs within the normal range have been analyzed statistically to determine whether variation in polymorph numbers within the normal physiological limits affects the degree of lymphocyte transformation. It is found that polymorph numbers may affect the degree of lymphocyte-macrophage transformation. The number of polymorphs present in cultures does not appear to exert any significant effect on the degree of lymphocyte-to-blast transformation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The effect of pretreating mice with diverse antigens on the capacity of their spleen cells to produce fatal graft-versus-host (GVH) disease across an H-2 histocompatibility barrier has been investigated.The mortality rate of midlethally irradiated recipients given spleen cells from untreated donors was a linear function of the number of cells transferred. Equal numbers of spleen cells from antigen-treated donors consistently showed a reduction in their capacity to produce fatal GVH disease.Microbial antigens were ordinarily more potent than soluble protein antigens in producing this effect. Furthermore, intensive daily antigen pretreatment generally caused greater impairment of spleen cell GVH reactivity than pretreatment with lower doses of antigen.Relative dilution of GVH competent cells as a result of splenic hyperplasia in antigen-treated donors accounted for only a portion of the observed effect. The data indicate that when donor cells are actively engaged in processing nontransplantation antigens, there occurs a significant interference in their GVH reactivity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A model system to examine host response to “homograft” and “heterograft” antigens found on a single cell type is described. Stimulation of a host with antigens similar to those known to be present on his own tissues results in the development of a state akin to delayed hypersensitivity (to dermal challenge) in which no antibody is demonstrable in the serum but is found on the host tissues. This antibody can be eluted chemically or immunologically to react with specific immunizing antigens. The response against other nonshared antigens on the same immunizing cell results in production of high titers of antibody in the host serum, and an immediate type of hypersensitivity when the immunized animal is challenged intradermally.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Skin graft rejection and humoral alloantibody response (hemag-glutinins and cytotoxins) were observed in hyperimmunized mice (A/He to CBA strain combinations). Intact spleen cells or cell-free splenic preparations were used as immunizing agents. The initial use of adjuvant followed by 6 weekly i.v., i.p., or s.c. injections without adjuvant resulted in a slight but significant prolongation of the challenging skin graft survival in the presence of high antibody levels at the time of graft challenge. However, survival of the second challenging grafts in the same hyperimmunized recipients was much shorter, indicating that once the hyperimmunized recipients rejected the first challenging grafts, they became sensitized. Passive immunizations with a pooled immune serum or abdominal fluid resulted in a very slight prolongation, rather than accelerated rejection, of the challenging grafts. The possible roles of humoral antibodies in accelerated rejection (allograft sensitivity) and prolongation of graft survival (enhancement) are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1967

数据来源: OVID