摘要:

SUMMARYHaematopoietic cells from BALB/c (H-2d) mice were serially transplanted in irradiated C57BL/Ks (H-2d) mice at intervals of 6–8 weeks. Two groups of recipients were established, one receiving and donating 50 × 106bone marrow and spleen cells, the other 5 × 106cells. The recolonization of the various groups of animals was followed by measuring the amount of donor-type (BALB/c) haemoglobin in the circulation of the recipients. In the first transfer full recolonization was observed in the recipients of 50 × 106or 5 × 106cells. However, in the second transfer, while the recipients of 50 × 106cells from the first stage recipients were fully recolonized by donor cells, the animals receiving 5 × 106cells abruptly ceased to form donor-type haemoglobin after initial recolonization. Full recolonization was again obtained in the recipients of 50 × 106cells in the third transfer, but donor-type haemoglobin was found only briefly and in very low levels in the recipients of 5 × 106cells. A slightly different pattern of recolonization was obtained when the recipients of 50 × 106cells were not bled before they had been used as donors for the next stage recipients. In this series of experiments rejection of the grafted tissue occurred one stage later than in the previous series of experiments. It is argued that the rejection of the grafted tissue cannot be due to the transfer of insufficient numbers of cells (total number). The possibility of whether this graft rejection is due to genetic differences at loci other than theH-2, or to the effect of a prolonged stimulus to divide produced by repetitive transfers of cells, is discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe role of the lymphoid cell in homograft rejection was studied using diffusion chambers placed i.p. The results of these experiments suggest that: (1) chamber-enclosed sensitized lymphoid cells cannot transfer their sensitization to an allogeneic host; (2) chamber-enclosed lymphoid cells in a hyperimmune allogeneic host are destroyed by a humoral substance that is harmless to chamber-enclosed epidermal and thyroid cells; (3) epidermal cells of one strain enclosed with unsensitized lymphoid cells of another strain are not destroyed even if the host, isogeneic with the lymphoid cells, is hyperimmunized. Epidermal cells of one strain (but not thyroid fragments) are destroyed when combined in a chamber with sensitized lymphoid cells of the other strain. Unsensitized lymphoid cells contained in a chamber with a foreign tissue appear incapable of destroying that foreign antigen if isolated from cellular contact with their isogeneic host.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA regimen of immunosuppressive chemotherapy which readily permits long-term survival of renal homografts fails to permit long-term survival of skin grafts. The relatively long survival of kidney compared with skin may be due to some antigenic peculiarities of the two tissues, anatomic features of the graft-host relationship, or host response to the two tissues. When skin and kidney grafts from the same donor are placed simultaneously, there is a significant prolongation of skin survival and a dramatic decrease in renal homograft survival. An experimental analysis of this unexpected finding shows that prolonged skin graft survival in the presence of a kidney is not the result of uremia or unrecognized variations in drug dosage. Evidence suggests that skin stimulates the host-immune system to produce individual-specific antibodies which are cleared from the circulation by the kidney, resulting in destruction of the kdney and preservation of the skin.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAn attempt was made to determine whether 36 long-term kidney homograft recipients and their donors were compatible for 7 major leukocyte groups. It was found that 21 of these recipients were surviving 2 to 3 years in spite of incompatibility for 1 or 2 major leukocyte antigens. Survival of mismatched grafts does not itself indicate that the antigens being measured are not transplantation antigens, for it was shown that the 15 recipients with no groups of mismatch were clinically superior to those with group incompatibilities. Moreover, histopathologic scores given to biopsy specimens taken 2 to 3 years after transplantation were significantly correlated with the number of group mismatches. Because the leukocyte groups were determined by cytotoxicity reactions of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the results may have been influenced considerably by chimerism in chronically dialyzed uremic patients or change in lymphocyte antigenicity or susceptibility to lysis upon prolonged immunosuppressive treatment. Although the possibility of these complications could not be ruled out in all instances, it was shown that 52 dialyzed uremic patients and 49 patients who had been treated with immunosuppression for over 1 year did not possess more or less antigens than a random population of normal individuals. It is concluded that: (1) the major leukocyte antigens are histocompatibility antigens, and (2) since survival can be attained at times despite mismatches for these groups, the antigens are of intermediate strength and kidney homograft rejection may occur if excessive numbers of antigens are incompatible or if particular combinations of antigens are mismatched.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe results of xenogeneic transplantation of tissues in closely related species were compared to those of allografts. A comparative study of transplantation of whole organs, skin grafts, and tritiated thymidine labeled cells into nonsensitized and sensitized recipients was made. Antibody responses were measured. Xenograft and allograft rejection was mediated by cellular mechanisms in nonsensitized recipients. The histologic pattern of rejection was identical. Nonsensitized recipients rejected xenografts slightly faster than allografts. In sensitized recipients, xenografts were rejected wholly by humoral mechanisms, but allografts were rejected both by cellular and by humoral mechanisms. The temporal pattern of rejection was the same in sensitized recipients of allografts or xenografts. In nonsensitized recipients, antibodies to erythrocytes developed more rapidly after xenografting than after allografting, but in sensitized recipients the titers were similar. Cytotoxic antibody was present in sensitized animals that received either xenografts or allografts but the titer was higher in the xenograft recipients. These observations suggest that humoral factors influence the temporal and histologic pattern of rejection. In closely related xenografts, humoral factors are the primary mediators of rejection only after sensitization. However, in sensitized allograft recipients, cellular and probably humoral mechanisms participate.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYTubal eggs, uterine blastocysts, and ectoplacental cones from C57BL inbred matings were transplanted to the kidney, and blastocysts to the pseudopregnant uterus, of hyperimmune C3H mice. The ectoplacental cones and those blastocysts transferred to the uterus developed normally whereas the tubal eggs and blastocysts transplanted to the kidney all failed to develop. These results are interpreted as demonstrating that immunological reactions are directed against the histocompatibility antigens present in the eggs transplanted to the kidney. Normal development of blastocysts in the uterus indicates a protective function of the surrounding decidual tissue. It is suggested that fibrinoid material which develops around each trophoblast cell protects the ectoplacental cone from immunological attack.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYLethal “homologous disease” has been produced in (CBA × T6)F1mice within 21 days by sublethal irradiation and injection of C57BL spleen and lymph node cells. Groups of injected recipients were sacrificed at regular intervals to provide material for serial histology and for quantitative estimation of donor and host-type dividing cells in the spleen (by T6 marker-chromosome technique). The results indicate that injected C57BL cells proliferate very intensively in the spleen of sublethally irradiated (CBA × T6)F1hosts, so that from day 5 after injection throughout the observation period (5–21 days) practically all dividing spleen cells are of C57BL origin. Parallel histological examinations of the spleen disclosed an initial, massive proliferation of blast cells followed by a quite sudden decrease in their number. This eventually resulted in a typical picture of a severe lymphoid atrophy in succumbing mice. The results are discussed with regard to the possible mechanism of lethal homologous disease in sublethally irradiated mice injected with homologous cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe i.v. injection of 0.3 ml of phytohemagglutinin into mice led to an increase in the number of spleen colony-forming units (i.e., hematopoietic stem cells) circulating in the blood 72 hr later. There was also some small increase in the ability of lymph node cells from similarly treated mice to form spleen colonies after injection into irradiated syngeneic recipients. Of 14 lymph node-derived colonies 11 were erythropoietic and 3 granulopoietic. No “lymphopoietic” colonies were observed, although lymph node cells from both phytohemagglutinin- treated and normal mice repopulated the spleens of the irradiated recipients in a more diffuse fashion. The other detected sequelae of phytohemagglutinin injection were extensive hepatic necrosis in more than half the recipients and a slight leukopenia. Cardiac blood drawn from normal mice in the afternoon contained significantly fewer leukocytes and colony-forming units than blood drawn in the morning. No evidence was obtained in favour of the view that spatially circumscribed, separable clones of lymphoid cells can develop in the recipients of lymphocytes from phytohemagglutinintreated donors.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAn attempt was made to inhibit the rejection of renal homotransplants by use of donor antigen, both in cellular and subcellular preparations. Kindeys were transplanted between unrelated dogs who were given antigen alone or antigen plus immunosuppresive drugs. Animals treated with Imuran alone were used as controls. In spite of a variety of different experimental protocols there was no evidence that antigen produces immunosuppression, on the contrary in some experiments there appeared to be sensitization. Possible reasons for the experimental results are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYTwo rabbit cell strains, RS-7 and RS-10, obtained from biopsies of skin have been grown in vitro for 13 months while the donor rabbits have remained alive. Both strains have remained diploid with a normal karyotype and have shown persistence of some individual specific transplantation antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID