摘要:

SUMMARYA comparative study has been made of the prolongation of rat tailskin xenografts in C57BL mice chronically treated with a variety of dosage-timing schedules of anti-thymoeyte serum (ATS) injections. The data obtained indicated that the dosage of ATS and the intervals between injections were much more important than differences in the clay of starting ATS injection prior to grafting. The histological evidence suggests that small lymphocytes were directly involved in the destruction of skin xenografts and that humoral antibodies might also play a role in the process of rejection, particularly in those xenografts which had survived for a long time under chronic treatment with ATS before starting rejection. Histologically, there is little if any difference in the basic pattern of xenograft rejection between the ATS-treated and control animals.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA technique of intrauterine renal transplantation in the fetal lamb was developed. Fetal renal allografts were implanted into the neck of a fetus in a second pregnant ewe. Donor and recipient gestational age varied from 70 to 130 days. Gestational age, operative exposure time, and transplant ischemia time were found to be important factors in determining technical success. Three to four days following transplantation, only a minimal perivascular infiltrate was seen in the allograft, and kidneys excreted urine with relatively normal osmolality and sodium content. Rejection was complete 7-9 days following transplantation. A proliferation of mononuclear cells, many pyronin-positive, occurred in the germinal centers of the recipient spleens concurrently with rejection. Thus the developing fetal lamb, during the latter half of gestation, can reject a vascularized allograft with the rapidity and intensity of an adult animal.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYIn previous experiments, transplantation antigens were demonstrated on canine vascular endothelial surfaces, suggesting that donor sensitization may take place at the endothelial cell level. This communication describes methods for the collection of canine endothelial cells and the production and characterization of a rabbit anticanine endothelial cell serum. Vascular endothelium was obtained from the aorta of dogs, and the antiserum was raised in New Zealand white rabbits. After appropriate adsorptions with canine erythrocytes and serum protein, γ-globulin was isolated. The resulting isolate showed specific cytotoxic activity for endothelial cells and was not cytotoxic for lymphocytes. The degree of specificity that resulted in these antibody preparations suggests the feasibility of an endothelial cell-masking approach to block vascular sensitization.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYPassive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reactions are shown to be elicitable with an H-2 antigen-antibody system in mice. The solubility and innocuity of the antigenic preparations are important for the outcome of the reaction. H-2 anaphylactic activities can be separated from complement-fixing activities. The responsible antibodies were contained in either transplantation immune sera or serum fractions. They are related to electrophoretically fast migrating immunoglobulins of 7 S IgG class, reaginic antibodies not being involved in the reaction. IgG1antibodies are the best candidates as mediators of the reaction. However, a fast migrating portion of IgG2has not been excluded as a possible candidate. The use of this technique for analyzing the biological properties of transplantation immune sera is discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe juxtaglomerular index (JGI) was estimated in dogs, following renal allotransplantation, using serial renal biopsies. The granulation index of the afferent arteriole increases after rejection. In the early stage of rejection, the increase of the index is not different from that of autotransplanted dogs. In advanced rejection, the JGI is higher than that of early rejection. The multiple stimuli which may explain these changes in juxtaglomerular granulation are the lowering of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), the decrease of perfusion pressure, the increase of renal interstitial pressure, the changes in vascular tone, the renal hypoxia, and the redistribution of blood flow from the cortex to the medulla. In our study, the JGI was found to correlate inversely with the diastolic blood pressure. In the late stage of rejection, when necrotic changes affect the glomerular afferent arteriole, the estimation of the granulation index is not reliable. Immunosuppressive treatment did not evidently affect the JGI.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe present study tests the effect of amantadine upon the response of sensitized lymphocytes in vitro to specific antigen. Amantadine specifically inhibited tritiated thymidine incorporation, blast transformation, and cell proliferation of sensitized cells exposed to specific antigen. Unlike other immunosuppressive agents, this chemical appears to affect only the proliferative response of cells in systems relating to immunological recognition. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of the same cell population is enhanced by amantadine. It is postulated that amantadine exerts its effect through preferential hydrophobic binding to lipids which integrate immunoglobulins and transplantation antigens into the lymphocyte membrane.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYKidney's grafted from AS to Ag-B-incompatible AS2 rats are known to survive for many months without immunosuppressive treatment (11). The cell-mediated immune status of the spleens of such recipients was analyzed with the popliteal lymph node assay of graft-versus-host reaction. Likewise, for comparison, classically tolerant AS2 rats were analyzed. The kidney recipients showed normal or slightly reduced reactivity, but none behaved like the truly tolerant controls. The overall slight reduction of reactivity found in the kidney recipients is comparable to what has been found earlier (3) in the same strain combination during attempts to immunize with skin grafts followed by s.c. injections of lymphoid cells. The nature of this slight reduction in reactivity is unknown. Three long surviving heart grafts were performed between Ag-B-compatible strains and the recipient spleens were analyzed as in the other strains, at 9-13 months after operation. The results were again compatible with active immunization rather than with acquired tolerance. The long-term survival of organ grafts in spite of a vigorous cellular reactivity against the donors' antigens is perhaps explainable in terms of enhancing antibodies.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYWe analyzed Kidney Transplant Registry survival data on transplants performed before 1 January 1967. Most transplants were performed irrespective of HL-A matching and were essentially random in this regard. Semilog plots of monozygous twin (MONO), cadaver (CAD), and living unrelated donor (LUD) transplant survival data were found to conform to a linear survivorship model (model 1). Sibling (SIB) and parent-child (PAR) data conformed to a convex survivorship model (model 2). These facts suggested that subpopulations of strikingly different immunological risk existed within SIB and PAR groups, but not within MONO, CAD, or LUD groups. Graphical procedures for estimating parameters of the survivorship models are described and, using these parameters, one can partition the probability of transplant failure into four clinically useful categories: acute technical risk, acute immunological risk, chronic aspecific risk, and chronic immunological risk. This breakdown of risk factors demonstrated that the total probabilities of failure from an immunological cause were 0.00, 0.41, 0.45, 0.89, and 0.93 for MONO, SIB, PAR, CAD, and LUD groups, respectively. The probabilities of immunological rejection thus stand in approximately the same proportions as the average number of HL-A mismatches for these five groups, namely, 0, 2, 2, 4, and 4. These results encourage one to believe that a successful matching program can significantly reduce CAD immunological risk. Moreover, if matching is successful, future CAD survival data will conform to a convex model 2 locus. Other points of biological interest are mentioned, and it is suggested that the partitioning of risk described in this paper can improve the evaluation of new therapies and matching procedures.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYIn a series of 67 orthotopic hepatic allografts in the baboon, 75% of the untreated animals died in the first 2 weeks after transplantation. One untreated animal survived for 36 days. Continued administration of horse antibaboon lymphocyte globulin (ALG) prolonged allograft survival, but this effect was somewhat inferior to that resulting from azathioprine and prednisolone administration, and the addition of ALG to these immunosuppressive drugs did not produce an appreciable additive effect. The administration of semisoluble donor liver extract after transplantation in combination with ALG or ALG and azathioprine did not result in survival data better than those obtained with the immunosuppressive agents alone. Administration of ALG for only 6 days after transplantation, followed by a single injection of 25 X 106donor bone marrow cells and no further immunosuppression, was superior to the continued use of ALG and was equal to or slightly better than continued azathioprine and prednisolone treatment. Preliminary studies with serial mixed leukocyte cultures and mixed cell agglutination with suspensions of rejecting hepatocytes may indicate a state of “:partial tolerance”: and/or enhancement in animals receiving a limited course of postoperative ALG administration followed by 25 X 106donor bone marrow cells.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYComparisons were made of the specificity and sensitivity of chromium release cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity as determined by dye uptake, and colony inhibition (CI) techniques for detecting membrane-associated alloantigens on cultured human and chimpanzee fibroblasts. All three techniques gave similar results and demonstrated allospecificities. Although the specificities detected by each of the methods were similar, certain distinctive features which might influence selection of one method over the other are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID