摘要:

SUMMARYUsing a modified parental-F1hybrid, graft-versus-host, method, attempts were made to promote the maturation of potential immunologically competent cells of fetal liver origin (parental) in thymectomized F1hybrid hosts by means of irradiated and nonirradiated parental and allogeneic thymus grafts, suspensions of cells from parental thymus, and parental and allogeneic thymus placed in diffusion chambers. It was found that, in this experimental model, only those thymus grafts which survived in the primary host for a prolonged period (i.e. parental) and to which the fetal liver cells had direct physical access would promote the maturation of these lymphoid precursor cells. In addition it was noted that: (1) the methods used had immunologic specificity; (2) viable fetal liver cells or thymus grafts were required in all experimental systems; (3) dissociated thymus from 18–20-day embryos gave no evidence of the presence of either mature or immature lymphoid cells; and (4) potential immunologically competent cells appeared to be incapable of producing hemagglutinins to rat erythrocytes or of rejecting allogeneic or xenogeneic skin grafts in the absence of the host thymus.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA study of split tolerance was carried out, utilizing C3H male cells as the inducing inoculum, and unrelated females as hosts; tolerance was limited to male-specific (MS) antigens. Split tolerance could be induced as efficiently in 8-day-old hosts as in newborns, whereas 15-day-old hosts were unresponsive to weight-adjusted doses of the same inoculum. The spleens of split tolerant females contained MS antigen, although in exceedingly low concentrations. Abolition of split tolerance could be effected with lymphoid cells whose specificities were directed against the MS antigen, but not by cells sensitized to donor strain allogeneic antigens alone. Induction of split tolerance was prevented in neonatal hosts adoptively immunized to either donor strain allogeneic or MS antigens.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAuto- and allogeneic chondrocytes isolated from septal cartilage by enzymic digestion were transplanted into rabbits together with intact fragments of the same cartilage. In other animals fragments only of cartilage were grafted. Cartilage formed by autogeneic chondrocytes was devoid of infiltration, whereas that formed by allogeneic chondrocytes was mostly surrounded by massive infiltration, composed predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Resorption of such cartilage was also found. Auto- and allogeneic fragments transplanted alone did not evoke infiltrations. When similar fragments were transplanted together with isolated chondrocytes, infiltrations were frequently formed in the vicinity of the allogeneic fragment. It is concluded that isolated allogeneic chondrocytes evoke immunization and may perhaps sensitize the animals against allogeneic fragments of cartilage.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARY1. Neonatally thymectomized mice can be immunologically reconstituted by injection i.p. of as few as 1 million allogeneic adult spleen cells. These animals are tolerant of skin grafts from the same strain as the cell donors, but will reject third-party skin. Their peripheral immunologie competence is of donor type in graft-versus-host assays. 2. Partially thymectomized mice, deprived of as much as Vs of their thymic tissue at birth, are capable of normal allograft rejection, are not susceptible to tolerance induction by allogeneic cells, have a normal life span, and display significant graft-versus-host activity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARY1. In 1963, 7,644 patients in the United States in the 5–60 year age group died from “nephritis and nephrosis” in its various forms and from “infections of the kidney.” In the same year, 1,406 patients in the same age group died of primary hepatobiliary malignancy, and 13,601 patients died of “cirrhosis”. 2. Generally accepted contraindications to kidney transplantation in patients with non-neoplastic fatal renal disease (age less than 60), include irreversible lesions of brain, heart, or lungs, severe urinary sepsis, or advanced iliac arteriosclerosis. Unfortunately data for incidence of these lesions in potential recipients are not available. Candidates for liver transplantation very often will be disqualified either because of distant metastatic spread if they have hepatic malignancy, or because of unreliability in following a program of immunosuppression, if they are alcoholic. The number of potential liver recipients in the United States in 1963 was about 4000. 3. From the above data, it appears that the best cadaver donors, i.e., patients dying with subarachnoid hemorrhage, would have been able to supply, if no logistic or legal problems existed, about 10,600 kidneys to the approximately 7,600 potential kidney recipients, and about 6,000 livers to the approximately 4,000 potential liver recipients. 5. If additional kidney and liver donors can also be found among other groups of patients dying with central nervous system lesions, it becomes more clear that efficient logistic techniques and legal codes should make it possible for all transplanted kidneys and livers to be harvested from the recently deceased.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAfter immunization with male skin grafts, implants of isologous male mammary gland tissue are rejected by C57BL female mice. Thus mammary gland tissue apparently contains the antigen associated with the Y chromosome. Nevertheless, implants of male mammary tissue in nonimmunized female hosts are not only capable of survival but also produce glandular outgrowths. Further, these outgrowths are physiologically competent for as long as 11 weeks after implantation; they can be stimulated to further development by the administration of hormones. Possible explanations for the growth of this male tissue in the female host are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYIn order to study the cumulative effect of mouse histocompatibility antigens, donor-host combinations were utilized which differed at 2, 3, 4, and multiple histocompatibility loci. Double difference pairs involving the Y-linked and one of several autosomal loci were produced by grafting from a male of one strain to a female of its congenic resistant partner strain. Double difference pairs were also produced by grafting between strains each having a single distinct autosomal difference from a common congenic resistant partner. Triple-difference pairs were produced by using a male donor and a female recipient, each having a different single autosomal histocompatibility difference from a common congenic resistant partner. A quadruple-difference pair was produced by using a male donor and a female recipient, one having a double autosomal histocompatibility difference from a common congenic resistant partner. The inbred strains C57BL/10 and 129 were utilized to study multiple gene differences. Grafts exchanged between such double, triple, quadruple, and multiple-difference pairs showed a cumulative effect if the discrepancies between the median survival times of the constituent pairs were not large. Conversely no cumulative effect was shown if the discrepancies between the median survival times of the constituent pairs were large. It made no difference if the pairs differed at non-H-2loci or at a non-H-2locus and theH-2histocompatibility locus. In the absence of strong histoincompatibilities, otherwise weak and insignificant immunogens became signifi-

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYEighteen beagles were each given a kidney homotransplant. One of the recipient's own kidneys was removed at the time of transplantation, the other 21 days later. Eight of the recipients received a daily injection of horse anti-dog antilymphocytic serum (ALS), 5 received normal horse serum (NS), and 5 were untreated. None of the dogs which were untreated or received NS passed urine after removal of their second kidney, none survived beyond 26 days after transplantation, and at autopsy the transplants were completely necrotic. The dogs treated with ALS survived for periods ranging from 27–79 days and six of them had evidence of graft function up to the day of death. The absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood fell sharply after a single injection of ALS but animals which received repeated daily injections showed only a moderate degree of lymphopenia. It was concluded therefore that the immunosuppressive effect of ALS could not be accounted for simply by depletion of blood lymphocytes. The significance of the findings and their possible clinical applications are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYParabiosis of pregnant Wistar strain female rats with Long-Evans male rats produced a state of immunological tolerance to Long-Evans homografts in the offspring. Animals grafted with skin between 3 and 8 weeks after birth retained their grafts for more than 2 months (mean survival, 97 days), while control animals rejected theirs within the 2nd week. Large scale transplacental transfer of donor strain cells can be ruled out as an explanation of the phenomenon because there was no sign of runting in the tolerant animals. It seems possible that humoral factors played a part.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1966

数据来源: OVID