ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced cytotoxicity against adherent HeLa cells, a reproducible test for primary T cell cytotoxicity, was used in the followup of 34 renal transplant recipients and related to the outcome. During the 1st week, two uncomplicated cases showed a decrease in cytotoxicity of more than 20% and it remained low. One patient with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection showed a marked increase in cytotoxicity (37%) and it remained high. In 31 patients with a rejection episode, a change of −20 to +20% was observed. During the 2nd week, all 10 patients who developed an irreversible rejection showed an increase of more than 20% (mean, 29 ± 8%), in contrast to only 2 of 21 patients with a reversible rejection (mean, −1 ± 15%,P< 0.001). There were no differences between these two groups in lymphocyte and T lymphocyte counts, or in prednisone or azathioprine dose or blood urea nitrogen levels. These results indicate that regular assessment of PHA-induced cytotoxicity may be useful in the followup of renal transplant patients.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A were tested in a DA (RT-1a) to Lewis (RT-11) rat renal allograft model, which represents a very strong histocompatibility barrier. Dose-response studies established that oral doses of 5 mg/kg/day or higher gave complete suppression of rejection, while oral doses of 2 mg/kg/day or lower were without effect. Intravenous administration of the drug approximately doubled its potency. Time studies showed that the period of administration was also critical, with a 7− or 14-day treatment course with 5 mg/kg/day orally giving prolonged graft survival, while a 4-day course was without effect. Large doses (up to 25 mg/kg/day orally) from day 4 after transplantation did not prolong graft survival, suggesting that cyclosporin A has no effect on an established rejection response. It was found that the lymphocytotoxin response to the graft was markedly suppressed by doses of cyclosporin A which maintained normal graft function, while lower doses had little or no effect on the lymphocytotoxin response. A cell-mediated immunity assay showed a substantial response, but one that was lower in amplitude from that of control animals. Histological study of 7th day allograft biopsies demonstrated essentially normal kidneys, except for a mild mononuclear cell infiltrate, at higher doses of cyclosporin. Lower doses of cyclosporin gave a picture of rejection no different from that seen in untreated controls. The LD50of cyclosporin was found to lie between 50 and 100 mg/kg/day orally. Even the higher of these doses did not cause nephrotoxicity as determined biochemically and histologically.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

An anti-idiotype serum was raised in a chimpanzee (A) by immunization with autologous lymphocytes primed in vitro against an unrelated chimp (B). This autoantiserum in the presence of complement was cytotoxic for 5 to 7% of the resting lymphocytes from chimp A and for 30 to 45% of the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) primed cells (A × Bx), but was not reactive against the lymphocytes of the priming chimp (B). Anti-idiotype antibody and complement treatment of autologous resting or primed cells blocked the ability of these cells to respond in MLC or primed lymphocyte test (PLT) to the stimulator cells from chimp B, but not to cells from a third chimp. When cells from the immunized animal (A) were incubated with the autologous antiserum in vitro, they were stimulated, thus producing cells which had the same activity in PLT as did cells primed against stimulator cells of chimp B. Thus, an autoanti-idiotype serum has been raised in a primate system which identifies the recognition structure on autologous T cells directed against antigeneic determinants on the stimulator cells of a histoincompatible donor.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We report the isolation of enucleated particles (cytoplasts) from mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which, like intact CTLs, can specifically bind to target cells (TCs) in vitro. CTL-enriched populations were enucleated by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient at 31 C in the presence of cytochalasin B. The resulting cytoplasts which consist of 99% of enucleated particles retained about 40% of the nucleated cells' protein but less than 1% of their DNA. The presence of cell surface membrane antigens Thy 1.2 and H-2 on the cytoplasts indicated that their surface membranes orginated from the plasma membranes of the intact cells. Electron microscopy of cytoplasts revealed two types of particles, one (type a) contained cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, microfilaments, and microvilli, while the second (type b) contained little cytoplasm and no microfilaments or microvilli. The evidence presented suggests that only type a cytoplasts can bind specifically to TCs. The specific binding to TCs by type a and not type b cytoplasts shows that while the CTL nucleus or nucleus-associated structures affected by enucleation are not essential for specific CTL receptor activity, cytoskeletal structures and activities related to these structures must be preserved.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Results in 29 recipients of second renal transplants from cadaver donors show a significantly better graft survival at 1 year of 90% in 10 recipients who had not received blood transfusion before their first transplant compared to 41% in 19 recipients who had been transfused prior to their first transplant (P= 0.025).

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The adoptive transfer of cytotoxic effector cells to induce accelerated skin allograft rejection in the normal murine host was used as an assay of lymphocyte function in vivo. Splenocytes sensitized in vivo caused specific accelerated skin allograft rejection when administered i.v. at a dose of 5 × 107cells 1 day after grafting. Graft rejection was specific for the immunizing alloantigen and could not be transferred with freeze-thawed or irradiated cytotoxic cells. In this assay the i.v. and local routes of administering cytotoxic cells were effective whereas the i.p. and s.c. routes were not. T cells were necessary in that pretreatment of the cells with anti-Thy-1.2 plus rabbit complement abrogated this phenomenon. Immune cells from spleens of mice sensitized but no longer actively cytotoxic did not demonstrate in vivo activity. If hyperimmunized mice were challenged by i/p. allogeneic tumor, their spleen cells were highly cytotoxic by in vitro assay but acted as suppressor cells in vivo by prolonging skin graft survival. Adoptively transferred in vivo sensitized cells subsequently expanded in number by T cell growth factor did not demonstrate in vivo activity. This skin allograft assay may be used to demonstrate T cell activity in vivo by inducing accelerated allograft rejection, and immune suppression by prolonging graft survival. Also a comparison of in vivo and in vitro effects was possible.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Current studies were designed to provide long-term survival of allogeneic skin and bone marrow in mice preconditioned with various combinations of cyclophosphamide (CY) and/or total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Long-term skin graft and bone marrow survival was obtained across the major histocompatibility barrier (BALB/c into C57BL/6) using pregrafting conditioning with either fractionated TLI or the combination of CY with a single dose of TLI. CY alone and a single dose of TLI alone were relatively ineffective as pregrafting immunosuppressive combinations. Allogeneic bone marrow was required for long-term skin graft survival with either conditioning regimen. Allogeneic marrow transplantation resulted in somewhat more deaths than syngeneic transplantation with both CY + TLI and fractionated TLI.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three patients developed massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema after transplantation. These findings occurred in the immediate post-transplant period in two patients, and renal failure developed. The third patient developed proteinuria 4 months post-transplantation. There was complete remission of proteinuria in two patients and recovery of renal function in one. Renal histology was similar in all. Light microscopy demonstrated that the glomeruli contained a mild increase in mesangial matrix, but were otherwise normal. No significant interstitial cellular infiltration or fibrosis was present. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed no staining for immunoglobulins or complement. Electron microscopy demonstrated fusion of foot processes, but the glomerular basement membrane was normal. No electron-dense deposits were found. The usual causes of post-transplant nephrotic syndrome were ruled out. We believe these three patients represent a unique disorder of the transplanted kidney.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A significant effect of Lewis antigens on cadaver kidney graft survival was found in 1,300 North American transplants. Lewis-negative recipients had a graft survival rate that was 8% lower than that of Lewis-positive recipients (P= 0.05). This effect of Lewis antigens was enhanced in patients at a high failure risk as determined by age, race, or transplant center. In patients older than 30 years, the effect of Lewis was 14% (P= 0.07), in non-Caucasians 12% (P= 0.07), in all grafts performed at centers with <50% overall 1-year graft survival 12% (P= 0.03), and in non-Caucasians that received transplants in centers with <50% overall graft survival it was 18% (P= 0.01). These data confirm previous results on the role of Lewis as a histocompatibility system in renal transplantation; furthermore, they demonstrate that the influence of Lewis is larger in patients at high risk.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1980

数据来源: OVID