摘要:

SUMMARYNonmajor histocompatibility complex (non-MHC) antigens are important targets of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease in clinical transplantation. Little is known regarding immunity to non-MHC antigens. To study this problem we evaluated the effect of antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) on reactivity in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures and activity in a model of immunity to non-MHC antigens, the response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous cells.Primary proliferative responses to autologous B lymphocytes, allogeneic cells, and TNP-modified autologous cells were all inhibited by ATG treatment. Secondary proliferative responses and cytotoxicity to TNP-modified autologous cells were also inhibited as was cross-reactive cytotoxicity to TNP-modified allogeneic cells. These data indicate that both MHC-restricted and MHC-nonrestricted immune responses to modified self-antigens and possibly to non-MHC antigens are sensitive to ATG treatment. ATG may be useful in clinical situations where the objective of immunosuppression is to inhibit immunity to non-MHC antigens such as after HLA-matched kidney grafting or bone marrow transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe outcome of 684 cadaver kidney transplants in recipients who had never been transfused was compared to that in 371 recipients who had been transfused only preoperatively. No significant difference in graft survival was observed. Peroperative transfusions were ineffective regardless of their number or the type of blood product. These results contradict a recent report on the benefits of peroperative transfusions. Transfusions given before transplantation continued to show a striking graft improvement effect in a new series of 538 transplants performed in 1979.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA 44-year-old man was maintained on prednisone and azathioprine after renal transplantation. One and a half years after transplantation, he developed multiple perianal Escherichia coli abscesses. These became chronic and resisted antibiotic therapy. Histologically, the lesions were typical of malakoplakia. Peripheral blood neutrophils and monocytes had impaired killing of Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli in vitro. No abnormality of hexose monophosphate pathway activity, tetrazolium dye reduction, lysosomal degranulation, or cyclic nucleotides could be demonstrated in either neutrophils or monocytes. Cholinergic agonists in vitro and in vivo did not improve bacterial killing by these cells.The infection resolved rapidly and bacterial killing returned to normal when the dose of azathioprine was reduced. Our findings, when considered with previous reports, suggest that there are different causes of malakoplakia and malakoplakia may be more common than previously thought. The etiology of malakoplakia should be identified for each patient if appropriate treatment is to be given.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe effect of in vitro exposure to cyclosporin A on human natural killer (NK) activity was investigated using peripheral blood lymphocytes as effectors and51Cr-labeled K562 cells as targets. After preincubation of the effectors with the drug for 20 hr, a dose-dependent reduction of NK activity was observed at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 jug/ml. Exposure to the drug during the 20-hr preincubation and the 4-hr51Cr-release assay resulted in greater impairment of NK cytotoxicity than preincubation alone, whereas the drug, present only during the assay, had no effect on cytolytic activity. Inhibition of NK activity required a minimal exposure time to the drug of 8 hr. The inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A on NK activity was rapidly reversible as, after a 20-hr incubation with 10 μg/ml, complete recovery of cytotoxicity was already observed after a further 4-hr culture in medium. Partially purified human fibro-blast interferon augmented NK activity even in the presence of high concentrations (10 μg/ml) of cyclosporin A.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYUntreated LEW rats reject primarily vascularized Ag-B-in-compatible LBNF1, BN, and WF cardiac allografts in 6 to 8 days. Cyclosporin A (CyA) administered 15 mg/kg/day i.m. for 7 days after grafting extends graft function >100 days. Histological studies demonstrated that CyA treatment strikingly reduces the size and cellularity of the thymic medulla, splenic marginal zone, and splenic periarterial sheath by 97, 67 and 50%, respectively. These compartments are thought to contain cells of a single T lymphocyte lineage with helper and cytotoxic functions. CyA was less effective against cells in the thymic cortex and splenic red pulp, compartments thought to contain suppressor cells. CyA-induced depletion of lymphoid tissues was maximal 7 to 14 days after completion of treatment. All compartments recovered nearly normal morphology by 50 to 100 days, although hyperplastic nodules were found in spleens of three WF heart graft recipients during the recovery phase.CyA was more effective, histologically, in inhibiting the immune response to heart grafts from WF than from LBNF1or BN donors. Within 3 days after LBNF1or BN heart grafting, moderate antibody production occurred in the spleen (as noted by increase in Ig-positive immunoblasts) and vascular damage occurred in the grafts. These signs of rejection were delayed until 14 days in WF heart grafted rats. In none of the strain combinations were these early reactions followed by a vigorous cellular infiltrate. Thus, CyA seems to decrease preferentially cytotoxic and helper T lymphocyte responses to cardiac allografts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYCyclosporin A (Cy A, 25 or 50 mg.kg-1/48 hr) administered during the course of the response, markedly suppressed graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity in the rat, as assessed by the 7-day popliteal lymph node weight assay. Serum biochemical studies revealed small, but statistically significant increases in serum urea levels at both doses of Cy A and, at 50 mg.kg-1/48 hr, reduction in total serum protein, alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, and iron. In an additional experiment, Cy A (50 mg.kg-1/48 hr) was administered to rats over 4 weeks. Serum biochemical and hematological investigations were conducted at weekly intervals and at 28 days tissue (liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and small intestine) was taken for histological and ultrastructural examination. Glomerular function, monitored by creatinine and urea clearance was unaffected by Cy A treatment, but serum urea and creatinine levels were elevated. Hepatic function was not affected and hematological, histological, and ultrastructural observations, apart from evidence of hepatic fatty change, did not differ from those in vehicle-treated controls.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe presence of the original diseased native kidneys in renal allograft recipients is associated with an increased prevalence of persisting post-transplant hypertension. In 9 of 10 such transplant patients bilateral nephrectomy of these native kidneys, performed at least 1 year after successful transplantation of a renal allograft, resulted in improved blood pressure control. Although these 10 patients had higher peripheral plasma renin activity (PRA) than normotensive patients (5.9 ± 1.3 ng/ml/hr versus 1.5 ± 0.3 mg/ml/hr), selective renal vein renin measurements did not consistently demonstrate higher renin concentrations from the native kidneys. Removal of the original kidneys was beneficial even in some patients who had stenosis of the allograft artery demonstrated by arteriography.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYWe are studying the development and mode of action of suppressor T cells induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which prevent the rejection of syngeneic UV-induced tumors. Suppressor cells were induced in C3H mice by exposure to FS40 sunlamps for 1 hr, three times per week for 3 months. Neither thymectomy nor splenectomy prior to UV irradiation prevented the development of these suppressor T cells in other lymphoid tissues. The UV-induced suppressor cells functioned when injected s.c. with mixtures of normal lymphocytes and tumor cells in a Winn-type assay in immunodeficient recipients. When UV T cells were mixed with syngeneic UV-induced tumor cells they did not increase the incidence or growth rate of the tumors relative to tumor cells alone, suggesting that the suppressor cells function by interacting with normal lymphocytes and not by directly stimulating tumor growth. Although the suppressor cells were effective in vivo when injected i.v. or when injected locally with normal lymphocytes, they did not suppress cyto-toxic effector lymphocytes in a short-term51Cr release assay in vitro.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1981

数据来源: OVID