摘要:

SUMMARYThe graft-versus-host (GVH) response of spleen cells from rats bearing either orthotopic skin grafts or allogeneic implants in the anterior chamber of the eye was evaluated using popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay. When a viable implant remained in the anterior chamber, the spleen cells of these rats produced a popliteal lymph node enlargement in FI hybrids which was approximately 50% of that produced by a similar number of cells from a normal animal. Conversely, the GVH response of spleen cells from orthotopically skin-grafted rats was noted to be significantly increased over the response of spleen cells from normal animals. The decrease in the GVH response of implanted rat spleen cells was a specific reaction and not because of trauma or implantation, since spleen cells from rats bearing syngeneic implants had shown no reduction in their GVH-inducing ability. The PLN weights of rats receiving mixed population of normal and implanted rat spleen cells were always less than the weights observed with an equal number of normal spleen cells. These findings permit the assumption that implant-bearing rats may be lacking or low in cells that induce GVH reactions or that there is a delayed conversion of effector cells after early immune recognition.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAs a part of our development of the rabbit as a model system for transplantation, we investigated the genetic factors influencing the reaction levels obtained in rabbit mixed leukocyte cultures. Inbreeding strains and noninbreeding rabbits that were serologically characterized for their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were compared for their levels of response in reciprocal unidirectional semimicro mixed leukocyte cultures. Tests between inbreeding or noninbred rabbits that were identical for their serological determinants showed weak or no cross-stimulation; this confirmed our earlier findings which show that the mixed leukocyte culture response in the rabbit is governed by a locus (RLD) which is an integral part of the major histocompatibility complex. Cultures of cells from rabbits with distinct MHC haplotypes demonstrate varying levels of response which, in one-way reactions, is controlled primarily by the particular allelic combinations of the stimulating and responding cells. By comparing the responses of rabbits from two separate sublines which were identical for their MHC serological and lymphocyte-defined determinants, we have found evidence for a locus independent of the MHC, which influences the magnitude of the response toRLD-mismatched stimulators. Weak reactions have been observed between certain donor combinations that have identical RLA haplotypes; these may represent the contribution of minor loci to the reaction levels. Mixed leukocyte reactions between homozygotes having nine distinct MHC haplotypes show that these haplotypes may be arranged into mutually nonreactive subsets. This suggests a restricted polymorphism of theRLDalleles, compared to the serological polymorphism in our colony.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYA mixed antiglobulin test with lymphocytes as test antigens has been developed for the detection of IgG antibodies. Free lymphocytes were counted before and after the addition of anti-D-coated indicator erythrocytes to quantitate the test. The optimal ratio of lymphocytes to indicator erythrocytes was 1: 30. Both anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte antibodies were detected by the test. Nonspecific agglutination of B lymphocytes and detector erythrocytes was avoided by the use of an appropriate dilution of the goat anti-human y chain reagent. Unlike cytotoxicity tests it could be used with dead lymohocytes that were frozen and stored intact as well as with live lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were better test antigens than were kidney cells from the same donors in the test. The mixed antiglobulin test with lymphocytes was also more sensitive in the detection of antibodies in hemodialysis patients than was the microlymphocytotoxicity test.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYHLA-DR typing results of 47 skin transplant donor-recipient pairs were analysed. HLA-A, B, and C typing and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) testing was also included in this study. Skin transplants exchanged between HLA-A-, B-, and DR-identical, MLC-negative donor-recipient pairs had the longest graft survival (mean survival time, 17 days), whereas skin grafts exchanged between completely nonidentical donor-recipient combinations had the shortest survival (mean survival time, 10 days). Because of the correlation between identity for the DR antigens and the low or nonreactivity in the MLC test, identity for DR will predict a better skin graft survival than nonidentity. It was concluded that the best match between donor and recipient of a graft, using only serological techniques, is one where there is identity for HLA-A, B, and DR.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYBALB/c spleen cells were incubated with a solubilized membrane fraction (SMF) prepared from spleen and thymus cells of (BALB/c × C3H/He)F, or (BALB/c × A/J)F, hybrid mice. Cells incubated with (BALB/c × C3H/He)F, SMF produced less graft-versus-host (GVH) splenomegaly in (BALB/c × C3H/He)F, hosts than did untreated BALB/c cells. The reduction of GVH splenomegaly was specific, inasmuch as the GVH activity of (BALB/c × C3H/He)F, SMF-treated and untreated cells was similar in (BALB/c × C57BL)F1hosts, and BALB/c cells treated with (BALB/c × A/J)F, SMF showed no alteration of GVH activity in either (BALB/c × C3H/He)F, hosts or (BALB/c × C57BL) F, hosts. The time course of splenomegaly did not differ for SMF-treated and untreated cells. Donor cells that were labeled with tritiated adenosine and treated with (BALB/c × C3H/He) F, SMF produced a reduction in the amount of label appearing in (BALB/c × C3H/He)F1host spleens but not in (BALB/c × C57BL)F1host spleens. Mechanisms which could account for the ability of SMF to cause specific reductions in both GVH activity and host spleen labeling are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe ability of hypertonic citrate solution to preserve ischaemically injured canine kidneys was investigated. It was found that if mannitol was given i.v. before ischaemia and again after graft revascularization, kidneys subjected to 30 min of warm ischaemia could be preserved for 24 hr, maintaining immediate life-sustaining function.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYWhen an “isolated” single lymph node is challenged with irradiated allogeneic lymphocytes, there is a change in the reactivity of the lymphocytes flowing out of the node when they are cultured in vitro in unidirectional mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) against the immunizing lymphocytes. These changes in the reactivity of the recipient lymphocytes are shortlived, follow a set time sequence in relation to the cell traffic changes accompanying the immune response, are the property of small lymphocytes and not blast cells, are exhibited by surface Ig-negative cells, and they are specific for the donor lymphocytes. It is suggested that antigen causes the selective retention of antigen-specific lymphocytes within the stimulated node followed by the proliferation and differentiation of large numbers of antigen-specific cells, which then leave the lymph node as small lymphocytes.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAntilymphocyte sera (ALS) were prepared by different methods and examined for their myelotoxicity by bone marrow colony-forming assay, both before and after absorption with B cell antigens. The results show that myelotoxicity can readily be removed from some, but not all, ALS. The source of antigen and the immunisation protocol used determine the degree of myelotoxicity and hence the number of absorptions required. Non-myelotoxic ALS may be suitable for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by in vitro treatment of bone marrow before transplantation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe tissue distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens in the DA and Lewis (LEW) strains was studied using LEW anti-DA and DA anti-LEW alloantisera. Quantitative absorption analyses were used with quantitative binding assays for SD and Ia antigens. Initial screening showed that the LEW anti-DA serum contained significant amounts of antibodies against both Ia and SD antigens. On the other hand, the DA anti-LEW serum seemed to be directed almost entirely against Ia antigens, and it was not possible to set up assays for SD antigens in the LEW strain. The most surprising finding was the presence of large amounts of Ia antigen on the kidneys of both the DA and LEW strains, one kidney containing as much Ia antigen as half a spleen. Kidney also contained large amounts of SD antigen. Liver had large amounts of SD, but very little Ia. Heart had only small amounts of both SD and Ia. The relevance of these findings to transplantation of the kidney, liver, and heart are discussed. The other tissues studied were brain, spleen, lymph node, thoracic duct lymphocytes, bone marrow, thymus, RBC, and platelets. The most interesting findings were the presence of relatively large amounts of SD antigens on DA RBC, and small amounts of Ia on the thymus and bone marrow.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYOf several immunosuppressive drugs studied, procarbazine hydrochloride (PCH) alone produced a very marked synergy with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) in prolonging the survival of H-2-incompatible murine A/Jax skin allografts in CBA males. Nontoxic doses of the drug and ALS were administered on alternate days in the first postoperative week. When donor strain liver extract was administered i.v. 16 days before skin transplantation, followed by the same regimen of PCH and ALS, a highly specific and long-lasting unresponsiveness was induced in 70 to 85% of CBA male recipients. The addition of other drugs to this system after completion of the PCH-ALS treatment was either of no benefit or counterproductive, as was the inclusion ofBordetella pertussisvaccine 2 days before skin transplantation. Lymphocytes from unresponsive mice were normally reactive to donor antigens in vitro and in a graft-versus-host assay. No functional antibodies could be detected and the distribution of donor strain lymphocytes injected into unresponsive mice was normal. Unresponsiveness was, however, transferable to ALS-treated syngeneic recipients with purified splenic T cells, indicating that these cells have a central role in the mediation of this unresponsiveness. Induction of unresponsiveness depends on the precise temporal relationship between antigen, PCH and ALS administration, and skin transplantation. It has been shown to work in several other strain combinations but not when the recipients were A/Jax, and results were less good in female recipients. The implications for clinical transplantation are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1979

数据来源: OVID