摘要:

SUMMARYCellular and humoral responses of mice were quantified after allografting across an H-2 histocompatibility barrier (H-2b-H-2a). Both i.p. tumor grafts and skin grafts were used. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of sensitized lymphocytes correlated with in vivo homograft rejection in both normal animals and mice with impaired immunity produced with antilymphocyte serum. Lymphoid organs differed in their response to the various allografts. Cellular immune activity was highest in the regional lymph nodes during the 1st week following the challenge by skin allograft. On the other hand, immune activity was greatest in the spleen and mesenteric node following the i.p. challenge with tumor cells. No one lymphoid organ reflects the quantitative changes in the cellular immune responses of all the lymphoid organs during the homograft reactions. These studies emphasized the need for assays which are capable of measuring the cellular and humoral immune responses, separately and apart from the intact animal, to provide information on the nature of the homograft reaction.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYCell-free medium (CFM) from cultures of unmixed or mixed irradiated human leukocytes stimulated3H-thymidine uptake by fresh allogeneic leukocytes. At least some component of the blastogenic factor was antigenically specific. The blastogenic factor from cultures of irradiated leukocyte mixtures was much more active than that from cultures of unmixed irradiated leukocytes. The activity of the blastogenic factor was affected by the dose of irradiation and the time interval between the end of irradiation and the preparation of cultures. The blastogenic factor from mixed cultures of irradiated and intact cells was consistently less stimulatory to fresh leukocytes from the donor of the irradiated cells in the original mixture (source of CFM) than it was to fresh leukocytes from the original donor of the intact cells. These data raise the possibility that production of a blastogenic factor may be involved in the stimulation of responding lymphocytes in mixed cultures.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYRabbit erythrocyte antigens A, B, C, F, and H have been demonstrated on rabbit spleen cells, lymph node cells, and three lines of cultured rabbit cells (RK13, LLC-RK1, and R9K5SV40) using the anamnestic response, the mixed agglutination test, and the indirect immunofluorescence technique. These antigens represent factors from four of the six known rabbit blood group loci. When the antigens were used as markers on primary lines of rabbit spleen cells grown in tissue culture, the cultured cells lost the ability to express the antigens. A similar loss was detected in the virus-transformed line R9K5SV40when it was grown in medium containing fetal calf serum in place of the rabbit serum contained in the original culture medium. This loss of antigens seemed to be associated with a decline in the growth of the cultures.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe distribution of51Cr-labeled lymph node cells in several syngeneic and allogeneio donor → host combinations in the rat is described. When the same51Cr-labeled cell suspension is administered to both syngeneic and allogeneic recipients, the distribution of label 24 hr later varies characteristically. (1) In syngeneic hosts, more label is usually recoverable from lymph nodes than from spleen whereas, in allogeneic hosts, more label is found in the spleen than in lymph nodes. (2) The lymph nodes of syngeneic hosts contain more label than do the lymph nodes of allogeneic hosts whereas the spleen of allogeneic hosts contains more label than does the spleen of syngeneic hosts. Syngeneic-allogeneic differences between recipients of the same cell suspension are evident in lymph nodes and spleen as early as 3 hr after injection and are highly significant at all times between 6 and 72 hr. The extent of these differences varies between different strain combinations and is not explicable purely in terms of donor → host incompatibility at the major histocompatibility locus. Within the range studied (5 X 106-2 X 108cells/rat), cell dosage influenced the proportion of labeled cells reaching the lymph nodes to a limited extent in allogeneic, but not syngeneic, transfers. Virtually no label was recovered from lymph nodes when heat-killed cells, cell debris, or supernatant from disrupted cells was injected.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYProlonged survival of skin allografts was obtained in rats treated with enhancing serum. The enhancing isoantiserum was produced by hyperimmunizing the same rat (local white) with grafts from different rats of a semi-inbred hooded Lister strain. When (white X hooded Lister)F1rats were used instead of hooded Lister rats as skin donors, the viability was extended to a mean survival time (MST) of 17.27 days. The importance of reducing the specificities against which the enhancing antibodies are directed or of preparing an isoantiserum containing a pool of such antibodies, for obtaining an optimal enhancing activity, is discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYBALB/c and C57BL mice were kept for prolonged periods on immunosuppressive treatment combined with persistent antigenic stimulation. Azathioprine (Imuran; Burroughs Wellcome) or antilymphocyte serum was used as an immunosuppressant, and lactic dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV), vaccinia virus (VAC), complete Freund's adjuvant (TB; Difco), or HeLa cells were used as antigens. Control mice were untreated or were kept on immunosuppression or antigenic stimulation alone. Malignant lymphoblastic lymphomas developed in 20% of BALB/c mice treated with azathioprine and antigens. No lymphomas were observed in control mice. Immature plasmacytoses developed in 40% of BALB/c and in 27% of C57BL mice when they were treated with antilymphocyte serum (ALS), with or without antigenic stimulation. In addition, chronic ALS administration led to membranous glomerulitis and glomerulonephrosis in 8% of all treated mice, the changes being most severe in antigenically challenged animals. Lymphoma development is interpreted as a direct result of persistent antigenic stimulation in immunosuppressed mice, and a possible pathogenic mechanism is discussed. The renal lesions are thought to be caused by circulating antigen-antibody complexes.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYAn examination of some parameters of the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test was undertaken to see if the sensitivity of the technique could be improved by variations in serum and complement incubation time and in diluents, ionic strength, and pH. The results indicate that the optimum incubation times of serum and complement in the two-stage test are 15-20 and 20 min, respectively, although strongly reactive cells were positive after only 1 min of serum incubation. Using barbital buffer, 5% bovine serum albumin in saline, 2% dextran in saline, Plasmagel, 5% human serum, or heat-inactivated normal rabbit serum as diluents had no effect on the titer scores of the reaction, but using “normal” human AB serum as a diluent resulted in a lower titer score. Varying the ionic strength of the reacting system, we divided the sera into two groups. One group showed a greatly increased reactivity at 0.01 M, while the second showed severe prozone effects at that ionic strength. Using different pH levels at an ionic strength of 0.01 M showed that the cytotoxicity reactions at pH 6.5 and 7 were virtually identical but that the cytotoxicity reaction was undetectable at pH 8.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYPig to dog renal heterografts are excellent models of hyperacute rejection of transplanted organs, since the dog has a potent cytotoxic antibody against porcine cells. Lymphocytotoxicity, hemagglutinating activity, and platelet-agglutinating activity can be demonstrated when dog serum is incubated with the appropriate pig cells. The major functional derangement observed during hyperacute rejection of renal transplants is a drastic diminution in blood flow to %o of normal levels within minutes following transplantation while there is a corresponding increase in renal resistance to 50 times normal values. Minimal changes in interstitial pressure and renal weight corroborate angiographic findings showing failure to fill interlobular arteries. The occlusive process appears to be related to endothelial sloughing and platelet and leukocyte plugs within arterioles. Ninety to 95% of platelets and 80-83% of leukocytes in renal arterial blood are retained by the kidney during hyperacute rejection. The number of platelets and leukocytes in renal vein blood decreases dramatically and correlates significantly with the reduction in renal blood flow (r=0.95 and 0.98, respectively). Most of the leukocytes retained are neutrophils. Erythrocytes are also retained within the kidney. There is no evidence of release of histamine, serotonin, or bradykinin. Heparinization does not alter the rejection reaction. It is therefore, concluded that a major mechanism of immunological injury during antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection of pig to dog renal heterografts is the formation of platelet and leukocyte thrombi which occlude the interlobular vessels and produce cortical ischemia and necrosis.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYLymph nodes, spleen, and thymus (but not bone marrow) contain alloantigensensitive units (AASU) which proliferate in the spleens and lymph nodes of lethally irradiated, allogeneic recipient mice. Proliferation was assayed by measuring the incorporation of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine-125I (125IUdR), a specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) precursor. Exposure of grafted lymphoid cells to H-2 or multiple non-H-2 alloantigens was necessary to induce proliferation. Growth was exponential between 2 and 6 days after grafting, and linear relationships existed between inoculum size and125IUdR uptake. No evidence of nonspecific stimulation of lymphoid cells or of marrowthymus cell synergism was detected. Alloantigenic stimulation enhanced generation of AASU by their immediate precursors, under conditions of limited pool size. Thymectomy prevented differentiation of AASU from marrow stem cells but did not affect formation of AASU from immediate precursors or terminal differentiation and proliferation of AASU. Mutant alleles at theWlocus did not affect the growth of AASU, suggesting that separate genetic controls exist for proliferation of AASU and myelopoietic progenitor cells. However, the same immunogenetic controls affected transplantability of AASU and myelopoietic progenitor cells, since both hybrid histocompatibility(Hh-1)and modifying “resistance” genes were operating in irradiated recipients of lymph node and bone marrow cell grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYSerum raised against lymphocytes of one species has been shown to have a well marked effect on the ability of sensitized lymphocytes of a different species to respond to a specific antigen. Previous reports of species specificity may have resulted from relative insensitivity of the methods employed, as compared with the present “blocking” method. Species specificity of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) is probably considerably less than has been generally assumed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID