摘要:

SUMMARYThe thymus of every cynomolgus monkey investigated contained a great number of rosette-forming cells. The same observation was made in the two human thymuses studied. A number of monkeys, however, had few or no rosette-forming cells in their blood, spleen, or bone marrow. The phenomenon of rosette formation is discussed. Antihuman antilymphocyte serum (ALS) can inhibit rosette formation by cynomolgus monkey thymocytes. A high correlation was found between the titers obtained using human blood lymphocytes, human thymocytes, or monkey thymocytes. The titers in the rosette inhibition test are statistically significant in comparison with the immunosuppressive activity in monkeys, although there were a few exceptions.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYInjection of spleen cells following incubation with concanavalin A (Con A), a plant agglutinin, resulted in survival of lethally irradiated allogeneic mice and death of lethally irradiated syngeneic mice. When irradiated mice were allogeneic with respect to the graft, suppression of the 100% lethal secondary disease reaction was observed. A survival of 60% and freedom from secondary disease in some mice was associated with a concentration of 100 or 1,000/μg/ml of Con A and a concentration of 10-20 X 10Ø/ml of cells. Wasting or diarrhea was seen in 40% of all irradiated mice living more than 30 days which were previously grafted with syngeneic spleen cells incubated with Con A. The nature of these observations is unclear, as the morphological and histological findings were not consistent with those of classical secondary disease. Irradiated mice grafted with allogeneic spleen cells incubated with Con A were chimeric, while survival was not associated with hematopoietic restoration induced by Con A alone. Con A was superior to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) in the suppression of secondary disease by in vitro exposure with immune competent cells. Incubation of hematopoietic cells with Con A consistently resulted in their agglutination. Con A was not toxic to suspensions of hematopoietic cells but was toxic to mice when injected i.v. alone or complexed to cells at levels of 1,000 μg/ml or more. Incubation of marrow cells with Con A resulted in a decreased number of splenic nodules.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYEight patients rejected 11 renal homografts and one of the consistent signs observed during the rejection period was the appearance of an abnormal number of schistoeytes in the peripheral blood. Supporting evidence suggests that vascular damage in the graft secondary to immunological injury was the causative factor. The sequence of events included antigen-antibody-mediated injury to the arterioles in the graft, platelet-fibrin thrombosis, reactive subintimal fibrous proliferation, and mechanical fragmentation of red cells, resulting in a hemolytic anemia. This cycle was interrupted when the homograft was removed, with the schistocyte count returning to normal. Less substantial evidence suggests that this same process occurs in reversible homograft rejection episodes when vascular damage is ameliorated and fibrinolysis predominates over thrombosis within the graft.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe immune competence of four patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia who were engrafted with bone marrow from their HL-A-matched, mixed leukocyte culture-compatible siblings was assayed during the pre- and post-transplant period. Two patients who did not develop graft-versus-host-reaction (GVHR) demonstrated depression of their lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. In these patients an intact efferent arm of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction was demonstrated post-transplant by positive skin test reactions to multiple antigens. Reactivity to at least one of the antigens in both patients was transferred from the bone marrow donor. Humoral immune capacity was documented in both patients by the production of antibody following primary immunization and to viral infections. The third patient had moderately severe GVHR. This patient had intact humoral immune function but was anergic to 1-chloro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB) and skin test antigens. His lymphocytes responded poorly to PHA in vitro. This patient also developed and survived a viral infection. The fourth patient who died of GVHR with concurrent infection failed to demonstrate humoral or cellular immune reactivity in the post-transplant period. It is concluded that these human allogeneic bone marrow chimeras show more marked depression of cellular than of humoral function. The depression of total immune function appeared to correlate with the severity of the GVHR.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThirteen lots of horse antihuman lymphocyte globulin (ALG), produced using several different antigen sources and methods of preparation, were tested in the primate skin allograft assay system. Each ALG tested showed significant prolongation of skin allograft survival (range, 15-44+ days; average, 22.79 ± 8.93 days) compared to the control (9.95 ± 1.46 days). No antigen source, method of preparation, or route of administration produced consistently longer survival and none prevented the formation of specific antibody against the skin graft donors. I.v. administered ALG did not lead to the fixation of antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody as assessed by conventional immunofluorescent techniques and resulted in a lower incidence of antihorse IgG antibody production than that following administration by the s.c. route. One lot of ALG, however, caused fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation in four monkeys, only when administered i.v. A positive correlation between primate skin allograft survival and rosette inhibition (RI) titers was not demonstrated.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYObservations on 362 determinations of urinary fibrin degradation products (FDP) and 163 serum FDPs in 39 patients are presented. Normal kidney donors had no significant urinary or serum FDP before or after surgical trauma (mean, 0.01 μg/ml) before and after surgery. Patients with advanced glomerulonephritis had significantly higher urinary FDP levels (mean, 80.83 μg/ml) than those with chronic pyelonephritis (mean, 14.62 μg/ml) (P<0.025). In renal allotransplanted patients, urinary FDP levels were significantly higher during rejection episodes (mean, 33.14 μg/ml) when compared to those without any rejection (mean, 0.02 μg/ml) (P<0.001). Serum FDP was not significantly elevated during allograft rejection. Serial urinary FDP measurements were of value in detecting 9 of 10 acute rejection episodes studied. Partial ureteral obstruction and acute tubular necrosis were not accompanied by elevated urinary FDPs except in the presence of proven concurrent rejection episodes.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYInvestigations done in rats sensitized to allogeneic tissue antigens have shown that determination of the rate of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis of leukocytes from blood and spleen provides a rapid method for early detection and measurement of the cellular immune response associated with the induction of transplantation immunity. Lymphoblastic transformation, as reflected in elevated rates of radiolabeled nucleoside incorporation, was detectable 2 days postsensitization and continued to rise on the subsequent days in a pattern paralleling the intensity of the process of skin allograft rejection, as manifested histologically by progressive round cell infiltration. Humoral antibodies became detectable when the rejection of skin grafts was almost completed, and their appearance coincides with the decline of blast cell counts. The evidence in this paper suggests that the elevated rates of DNA and RNA synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells during allograft rejection reflects the appearance of immmunoblasts in the circulation.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, which is abrogated by pretreatment of the inoculated cells with goat antibrain-associated &thgr; (BA&thgr;) serum plus complement, was used to determine the presence of competent T cells. The spleen: thymus GVHratio of competencechanges from 2.2 at day 8 after birth to 16 in the adult. This increase is not caused by a change in the cells of the thymus, the reactivity of which remains constant from birth through adulthood. However, the reactivity in the spleen changes, rising rapidly from birth to 8 days thereafter and at a decreased rate to the adult level at 35 days of age. Competent T cells are present in the thymus at birth, while they appear first in significant numbers in the spleen at 2-3 days of age. The implications of this differential development of GVH immunocompetence in terms of cell migration patterns and the development of immunocompetence in various organs are discussed.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYSpleen cells (shown to be of donor origin) removed from mouse radiation chimaeras are unable to kill tumour cells of host antigenicity in vitro. Furthermore, serum taken from these chimaeras does not prevent immune cells of donor genotype being cytotoxic to host target cells. These experiments do not support the hypothesis that foreign lymphoid cells in chimaeric animals are sensitized to host antigens but are prevented from effector action in vivo by the presence of a circulating blocking factor.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SUMMARYThe use of frozen stored leukocytes (FSL) for studies of in vitro cell-associated immune responses to specific antigens, allogeneic cells, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are described. Previous attempts to restore in vitro reactivity of FSL to specific antigens or to frozen allogeneic lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction were unsuccessful despite the fact that frozen cells responded well to PHA and to fresh allogeneic cells. In this study, we have found that fresh human plasma (FHP) or serum restored the ability of frozen cells to respond to antigen and frozen allogeneic cells. Morphological and kinetic analysis indicated that FSL respond in a manner similar to fresh cells. Moreover, leukocytes obtained from the same subject at different periods of time and stored in the frozen state were found, if cultured at the same moment, to respond in a quantitatively reproducible manner to specific antigen, PHA, or allogeneic cells. Such results held true for FSL stored for as long as 9 months. The use of FSL thus adds a new dimension to the quantitative in vitro studies of cell-associated immunity.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1972

数据来源: OVID