摘要:

Heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation in rats was performed with a portal afferent blood supply, together with either the infra- or suprahepatic part of the inferior vena cava (IVC) as the efferent vessel. Animals in which the suprahepatic part of the IVC was used had a high postoperative mortality which was associated with moderate or severe congestion of the graft in over one-half of the cases. Substitution of the infrahepatic part of the IVC prevented the congestion and increased the postoperative survival rate.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Skin grafts were exchanged between partners of 35 chimeric twin pairs of cattle. Autografts were maintained indefinitely and third-party allografts were rejected within 14 days. However, only 30% of the twins retained their cotwin's allografts longer than 2 years; some grafts were viable after 5 years. The results indicate that chimeric twins exhibit a high degree of acquired immunological tolerance for the histocompatibility antigens of skin. Most of the second-set and all of the subsequent cotwin grafts were rejected. Furthermore, the differences in response between members of a twin pair noted for first-set grafts were not apparent with later grafts, suggesting that a chimera can mount a sufficient immune response to reject its cotwin's skin. Since these twins exhibited erythrocyte chimerism, it is concluded that they were completely and permanently tolerant to erythropoietic antigens but only partially tolerant to histocompatibility antigens of skin. Thus, communal circulation of twin fetuses which produces chimerism leads to different results for these different tissues. Apparently, cattle erythrocytes do not carry major histocompatibility antigens; therefore, chimerism of erythropoietic elements is independent of graft response. Some suggestion that lymphocytes of cattle do not carry all of the antigens carried by skin was obtained. The fate of cotwin grafts was not affected by whole body γ radiation, by chemicals that affect hematopoiesis, or by kidney grafts.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A simple screening method for the detection of lymphocyte cytotoxic antisera is described utilising lymphocytes from routine blood donor samples and sera from samples submitted for prenatal screening. The scheme can be run by one experienced worker. Fourteen thousand sera were screened in 18 months; 911 subjects were found to have cytotoxic antibodies with a 70% minimum kill and from these women 164 donations of cytotoxic antisera were obtained (an average of 150 ml/donation). Sixteen of these antisera were found monospecific by us and confirmed by the National Tissue Typing Research Laboratory. A further 16 were found useful in tissue typing. The various specificities of 464 random cytotoxic positive sera were evaluated and the incidence of cytotoxic activity, through various numbers of pregnancies to five full term deliveries, is recorded. The highest incidence is found at the 3rd, 4th, and 5th full term deliveries. An initial scheme for a tissue-typed blood donor panel is included.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Two hundred and ninety-nine analyses of both blood lymphocyte count and lymphocyte ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid (RNA/DNA) ratio in 17 patients with a renal allograft are reported. In the absence of infection, patients on standard immuno-suppressive regimes have normal results for the lymphocyte RNA/DNA ratio, although they may have lymphopaenia. Unequivocal infection and rejection may usually be distinguished by the lymphopaenia associated with rejection, although in both the lymphocyte RNA/DNA ratio is elevated. A clinically important distinction between lymphopaenia in rejection and lymphopaenia resulting from overimmunosuppression is made by measuring the lymphocyte RNA/DNA ratio. The ratio is low in oversuppression and elevated in rejection. The combined measurements of lymphocyte RNA/DNA ratio and lymphocyte count have a predictive value in more than one-half of the rejection episodes which show abnormality at least 5 days earlier than measurements which depend on renal function.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The in vitro activity of antidog antilymphocyte serum in three different tests was correlated with in vivo immunosuppressive activity as measured by skin allograft survival. The results indicated the following. (1) Lymphocytotoxic titre often correlated well, but outstanding exceptions reduced the predictive value of this test. (2) In vivo opsonization correlated well, but the reproducibility and sensitivity of this test were poor. (3) Rosette inhibition correlated accurately with immunosuppressive activity, and reproducibility and sensitivity were excellent.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Histocompatibility antigens (HCA) have been solubilized by the use of Triton X-100 andn-butanol from cell membrane fragments of spleens and livers of BALB/c and CBA mice. These soluble preparations could inhibit or neutralize allogeneic antibody (CBA anti-BALB or BALB anti-CBA) in two biological tests, cytotoxicity and the suppression of antibody formation by appropriately stimulated spleen cells of the same strain. The neutralizing activities of the spleen-derived preparations, per milligram, were about 10 times those derived from liver, and preparations extracted by butanol or by papain were of substantially higher specific activity than those extracted by Triton X-100. All preparations contained active molecular species excluded by Sephadex G-200 and others, nonexcluded, in various proportions. Both Sephadex fractions could be adsorbed to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) but only the adsorption of the G-200-excluded material rendered the SRBC agglutinable by CBA anti-BALB antibodies; the non-excluded fraction could compete with the excluded fraction to prevent agglutination of the coated SRBC by such antibody. The soluble antigen could inhibit the allogeneic antibody in two serological tests, the adsorption hemagglutination (AH) reaction referred to, and the standard hemagglutination test of BALB RBC by CBA anti-BALB antibody.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

BALB/e histocompatibility antigens (HCA), solubilized from cell fragments of spleens and livers by Triton X-100, butanol, and papain, were tested for immunogenicity as transplantation antigens by injection into normal CBA mice and later observation of the time of rejection of BALB skin grafts in these mice. Each type of preparation, injected 3 times in saline or in oil adjuvant, caused accelerated rejection of such grafts. Preparations solubilized by butanol or papain showed higher specific activity than the Triton-solubilized, and preparations from spleen showed higher activity than those from liver. These differences were similar to the differences in specific activity shown by the respective preparations in the inhibition of 2 effects of CBA anti-BALB antibody, cytotoxicity, and the suppression of hemolytic antibody plaque production by BALB spleen cells. CBA antigen solubilized by butanol from liver cell fragments similarly caused accelerated rejection of CBA skin grafts in BALB mice following injection on the same schedule.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Antiglobulin to cultured human lymphocytes (MAG) administered i.v. into human renal allograft recipients cannot be detected by immunofluorescent techniques on the basement membranes of graft biopsies. Antiglobulins to lymph nodes or thymus can be found bound to human renal allograft glomerular basement membranes (GBM) using identical immunofluorescent techniques. The use of the cultured lymphocyte produces an antilymphocyte globulin which will not produce direct renal damage.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The lysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by rabbit antisera directed against the Fc Portion of human IgG has been demonstrated. A necessary condition for this lysis is an incubation of the cells at 37 C prior to the addition of antiserum. Rabbit antihuman IgG causes similar lysis to anti-Fe (äFc) but absorption studies with Fc and Fab indicate the cytotoxicity arises from the antibody molecules directed against the Fc portion of human IgG.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was induced in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated C3H mice by i.v. injections of C57 bone marrow (20, 30, or 50 X 106) or spleen cells (5 X 106) which had been pretreated in vitro withVibrio choleraeneuraminidase (VCN) or heat-inactivated VCN. The surviving C3H recipients were grafted with C57 skin to evaluate the presence of tolerance or immunity to the donor cells. The acute lethality of high doses (400 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide was prevented equally well by VCN-treated or unmodified allogeneic bone marrow cells. The acute lethal GVHD, attributable to high doeses (400 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide and allogeneic spleen cells, could be induced equally well by VCN-treated and unmodified spleen cells. The results suggest that VCN-treated cells maintain their viability, can reconstitute cyclophos-phamide-treated mice, and can induce GVHD in severely immunosuppressed mice. At more moderate doses of cyclophosphamide (300–350 mg/kg), VCN treatment of donor bone marrow and spleen cells delayed the onset and reduced the lethality of the GVHD when compared with cells treated with heat-inactivated VCN. Surviving animals who had received donor cells treated with heat-inactivated VCN were frequently tolerant of donor (C57) skin grafts. Surviving mice who had received VCN-treated cells were immune to the donor skin grafts. VCN treatment appears to render cells less tolerogenic than normal so that mice do not become tolerant and the GVHD cannot develop. The results are compatible with our previous findings that VCN increases the immunogenicity of normal lymphoid cells, both in unmodified hosts and in vitro.

ISSN:0041-1337    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1971

数据来源: OVID