摘要:

The phenomenological theory of nonlinear optical activity and nonlinear circular dichroism is developed. Exact analytical solutions are found in the planewave approximation which make it possible to analyse conditions for observation of contributions of the aforementioned effects.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820767

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Models for predicting the groove profile of metal coated holographic gratings, fabricated in positive photoresist, are studied. Development is assumed to be an etching process, where the etching is directed perpendicularly to the resist-developer interface. Two methods for metal coating are considered; vacuum evaporation and sputtering, and models that describe the profile formation for these cases are presented. It is noted that even a thin coating has a considerable effect on the profile. The theoretical groove profiles are found to be in good agreement with experimental profiles, obtained from SEM photographs of fabricated gratings.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820753

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Imaging of a complex distribution by a thin lens is studied and generalized by analysing the imaging process of a complex distribution defined on an off-axis object sphere in an optical system. First, imaging of an object in an elementary system is considered, and then the considerations for the system being a combination of the elementary systems are presented. The general rule of reference spheres transformation is introduced. It is shown that complex distributions given on an off-axis object sphere are fully reconstructed on an image sphere of the system with a change of scale only. The relations between the parameters of the object and image spheres are determined. Some examples of the applications of the transforming rule are given.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820750

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The first order statistics of the polarization properties of scattered monochromatic light fields is studied experimentally. Measurements have been made of the probability density functions of the Stokes parametersI, M, C, S,in a particular type of speckle field with a new kind of measuring system. The results are compared with theory.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820756

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Using low-power laser illumination of the human eyein vivo,it is possible to observe interference fringes produced by light reflected from different optical interfaces within the eye, in particular from the front surface of the cornea and from the retina. Real-time changes in these fringes have also been observed, reflecting deformation of the eye in response to the subject's heart-beat. Some experimental results are presented. Possible applications of this technique include its use as an ophthalmological diagnostic tool in the measurement of such parameters as eye rigidity and intra-ocular pressure.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820770

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this article, the transmission characteristics of new mixed birefringent filter have been studied. The term ‘mixed’ is used because in this filter both linear and circular birefringence are utilized for shaping its transmission function. The filter has a so called ‘lossless core’, consisting of alternate rotators and retarders, and two linear polarisers at the two ends. Because of the similarity of the proposed mixed birefringent filter with the fan type Solc filter, it has been given the name ‘Mixed Solc Birefringent Filter’ (MSBF).

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820752

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Special glasses are generally used in designing optical systems with reduced secondary spectrum. Long-crown (FK), short-flint (KzFS) and denseflint (SF) are normally the potential candidates. A new glass was found by a glass fitting optimization method. Optical properties of this glass are presented. There seems to be no basic reason to believe that this new glass cannot be a realistic one. A design example is given showing the excellent achromatization results.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820758

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A concept of imaging by dust rays instead of light rays has been developed, based on an existing dust velocity vector analyser. The dust ray image of an object that emits dust particles, such as a cometary nucleus, would be a map of the dust activity of the object's surface. The dust ray camera operates on the electrical charge carried by the dust particles. It measures times of flight of each particle between a series of grids arranged parallel to three differently inclined planes. From the times of flight the velocity and the trajectory angles as well as the position of entry at the aperture are calculated. The mass of a dust particle is determined from the deflection of its trajectory in an electrical field. Under certain circumstances, dust sources can be imaged in all three dimensions, due to the spread of particle velocities. Since a dust ray camera does not mechanically touch most dust particles, subsequent optical and/or chemical analyses are possible.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820766

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Two generalized reciprocity relations are demonstrated for perfectly conducting gratings in the two cases of polarization. Each of them involves two electromagnetic fields, which may correspond not only to different incident fields, but also (which is new) to different profiles of the scatterers. Several well-known consequences are then derived: energy conservation, classical reciprocity, relations between far fields and surface currents. Moreover, the linear relation (the so-called functional derivative) between a small variation of the profile of the grooves and the corresponding variation of a complex coefficient in any order are deduced in a straightforward manner; this technique yields very short and elegant formulae.

ISSN:0030-3909    

DOI:10.1080/713820768

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1982

数据来源: Taylor