ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

While a few parasitic copepods have been described from the fishes of Ceylon by Wilson (1906) as well as by Kirtisinghe (1932‐37) and some recorded from the fishes of Bombay by Bassett‐Smith (1898) only three parasites belonging to the family Lernacopodidae are described by Thompson and Scott (1902), all from Ceylon. However, Lernaeopodids occurring elsewhere have been exhaustively treated by Kröyer, Brian, Scott, Wilson, Gurney and Leigh‐Sharpe. The sub‐familyClavellinaein particular has not been recorded from India, and asClavellisa dussumieriae, a new species treated in this paper, exhibits certain features of general interest, a full description of both the female and the male was de

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.(1) Under the experimental conditions employed, nymphs ofAeschna grandis, adults ofDytiscus marginalis, Common Rudd (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus), Minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) and the Common Toad (Bufo bufo bufo) were able to distinguish between two types of prey, one brown, the other red, having approximately equal grey values. Owing to the ability of insects to perceive ultra‐violet light the experiments with insects predators are of doubtful value as this factor was not controlled. In comparison with the colour vision of man these predators have a very poor sense of colour.(2) Minnows were fed on three types ofCorixa distinctacoloured respectively red, yellow and brown and all having approximately the same tonal value. The survival value of each of the three colours of prey depended upon the colour of the background upon which it was placed. In each case the insect with a colour harmonizing with the background was destroyed in the smallest numbers.(3) When the Minnows were given two types ofCorixa distinctapainted different tones of red, the type having the greater tonal difference with the background was destroyed in the larger numbers.(4) Specimens ofCorixa distinctapainted with three transverse bands of yellow were less conspicuous than evenly coloured yellow insects on a brown background to Minnows, but more conspicuous to Toads.(5) Some vertebrate and invertebrate predators were offered specimens of insects belonging to the orders Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera and Diptera. Toads learned to avoid various species of Hymenoptera with stings and in some cases Lady‐birds of the speciesCoccinella7‐punctata.Nymphs ofAeschna grandislearned to avoid Water Mites of the genusHydra‐rachna.(6) Starlings, Great and Blue Tits were observed to cat various Hymenoptera in such a way as to avoid being stung.(7) The rate at which Toads learned to avoid a given species of Hymenoptera or Lady‐bird depended upon (a) the individual toad, (b) the nature and quantity of other types of food.(8) Toads trained to avoid any one species of Hymenoptera would accept unrelated species with similar coloration and refuse related species with a different pigmentation. This suggests that to a partially colour‐blind predator, such as the Toad, the pigmentation of the prey is of little importance in enabling a predator to recognize it and that factors such as size, shape, habits and movement of the prey are of gr

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An attempt has been made at the Marine Station, Millport, to rear a baby female common seal. It was found in an obviously unhappy condition, following a yacht, and was therefore picked up and brought in. Although the attempt was unsuccessful, a few notes on it may be of interest for future reference.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1948

数据来源: WILEY