ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The histology of the reproductive organs is described.2. Further support is given to a suggestion of Hewer (1934) as to the origin of the ductus seminalis in Ephestia.3. The occurrence of a brush border in the vasa deferentia, the mode of secretion of the paired glands, the presence of four parts to each accessory gland, and the complete histology of the unpaired gland system are described.4. The mode of functioning of the receptaculum seminalis and associated structures and the function of the unpaired gland system and accessory glands are discussed.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The Carboniferous Cælacanths of the British Isles have been re‐examined and together with the foreign forms have been rediscussed.2. Although many of the more fragmentary species may belong to another genus, all have been included in the single genus Rhabdoderma, which has been distinguished from the Permian genus Coelacanthtis.3. The anatomy of RhaModerma has been redescribed and the following new points described for the first time:–The presence of a suboperculum, the coronoid, the ectopterygoid, the dermo‐ and auto‐palatines, the shape of the basisphenoid olico‐occipital and ethmoid region and the nature of the circumorbital plates, and the course of the sensory canal. The pectoral and pelvic girdles and internal skeleton of the pelvic fin. The skeleton of the anterior dorsal fin and its articulation with the neural spines in some forms. The internal skeleton of the anal fin. The presence of basiventrals in the vertebral column.4. The following species have been considered synonymous with R. elegans: “C.” ornatus Newb., “C.” robustus Newb., “C.” summiti Wellb., “C.” elongatus Hux., “C.” watsoni Aiding., “C.” arcuatus Hibb.&“G.” newelli Hibb.5. “C.” mucronatus Pruvost is considered synonymous with R. tingleyense.6. “Ccelacanthopsis curta” Traq. is shown to be a peculiarly preserved, but normal Cælacanth. It is considered specifically and generically indeterminable.7. The following new species have been described:–R. ardrossense, R. (?) aldingeri, R. (?) abdenense, R. (?) davisi.8. Details of anatomy have been described in R. e

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The earlier accounts of the heart of Apteryx have been elaborated, and the description of the heart of this Ratite bird correlated, where possible, with that of a Carinate–the Penguin.2. Particular attention has been paid to the sinus venosus, as that region of the heart which, in different birds, shows the greatest variation. In Apteryx it is extremely simple, and is very similar to the reptilian sinus. This resemblance is increased by the presence of a sinu‐ventricular band corresponding to the dorsal ligament of the reptilian heart.3. The right auriculo‐ventricular (muscular) valve of Apteryx has been shown to conform in all respects to that in other birds. This fully confirms the observations of Lankester and Beddard.4. A brief description of the distribution of the coronary vessels is given.5. In Apteryx no well‐defined sinus node was isolated. The sinu‐auricular connection is at the base of the right venous valve, and consists both of diffuse muscular connections at the upper part of the valve and of a region of “nodal tissue” at its lower part. In the Penguin the destruction of the heart, in the region where the sinus node has been described, prevented any satisfactory observation being made.6. The auriculo‐ventricular connections of the hearts of both birds are described. In general the observations correspond precisely to the descriptions of Ohmori and Davies, but in the case of the Penguin no right a.‐v. ring of Purkinje fibres could be distinguished, and there appear to be, in this region, direct connections between the auricular and ventricular musculature.7. Although the distribution of Purkinje fibres in the auricles and ventricles is essentially typical, it was observed that in the Penguin the distribution in the auricles is more extensive than Davies has described, as Purkinje fibres were present on both surfaces of the inter‐auricular septum. Furthermore, in the ventricle definite Purkinje fibres were found about the superficial myocardial veins, and also those tributaries of the coronary veins which lie in the anterior and posterior inter‐ventricular sulci. These have been referred to as peri‐venous Purkinje fibres, which, with the peri‐arterial fibres, have been considered to for

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Thus, from a study of the cranial osteology, the pterylosis, the geographical distribution, the plumage pattern, the bower‐building habit, and the eggs, I am unable to find a single feature which warrants the inclusion of the Ptilonorhynchidse with the Paradiseidae. The structure and the colour‐pattern of Loria ally it unmistakably with the latter group.I have not been able to investigate the structure of Prionodura, Sericulus, Cnemophilus, æluroedus, or Loboparadisea. The first two are quite clearly Bower‐Birds, since they build bowers, and have the typical coloration in both sexes. Cnemophilus has, likewise, the characteristic yellow and black male and the brown and grey female of some of the others, and has no superficial characters that I can discover to suggest any relationship with the Paradiseidae. ælurcedus, with its green and mottled markings, and very stout bill, has little in the way of superficial characters to ally it with either, and I do not know on what grounds it was first placed among the Ptilonorhynchidae, but until its relationships can be established by dissection, we must presumably keep it there. Loboparadisea is another rather problematical case; as already indicated, it is not typical of either group, but in view of the greater uniformity existing among the Ptilonorhynchidae as compared with the Paradiseidae, I regard it as an aberrant member of the latter family.With regard to relationships with other groups than the Birds of Paradise, Gadow (1888) has suggested affinity with the Wattled Crow (Calleeas) of New Zealand. But this form does not show a single common feature in the skull, which possesses very individual structure both of the palate and the lachrymal. Likewise (contrary to the statement of Nitszch) the pterykrais is dissimilar, and there is no apterion in the dorsal tract. The New Zealand Thrush, Turnagra, is another form whose relationship to the Bower‐Birds has been suggested. But from his investigation of the anatomy Gadow (1888) was quite unable to confirm this.As far as I can see, the Ptilonorhynchidae constitute a singularly complete and isolated family of the acromyodian passerine birds and show no special relationship to any other, being sharply marked off by the structure of the skull, the colour‐pattern, and the bower‐building habit; from the evidence I have endeavoured to bring forward I exclude Loria and Loboparadisea, and re‐consiitute the Ptilonorynchidss, as possessing family rank, and consisting of the following genera:–ælurædus. Ptilonorhynchus.Amblyornis. Scenopætes.CMamydera. Sericvlus.Gnemophilus. Xa

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The vertebral column and “part of the limbs” in Acanihostoma vorax were known to Credner in a single specimen, in which he states the vertebras occur as a weak impression. On this statement, and Geinitz and Deichmuller's figures (1882. pi. vii. fig. 9), Acanthostoma vorax has been regarded as a Phvllo‐spondvl (Jaekel, 1009, p. 254; Romer, 1930, pp. 117–118; Steen, 1931, p. 889).The vertebra! are, however, Labyrinthodont in type, although unique in the structure of the centra (both pleura‐ and intercentra being ossified as right and left hemicyclinders unfused in the mid‐dorsal or mid‐ventral line).In the development of the Acanthostoma vertebra, as in those of the Labyrinthodont Archegosaurus, ossification of the neural arch precedes that of the centra, the neural arches passing through a stage which is very similar to the neural arches of an adult Phyllospondyl. It is also important to point out that short straight ribs expanded at both ends, as well as occurring in the Phyllo‐spondyli, also occur as a stage in the development of the rib in Acanthostoma and Archegosaurus.Such resemblances suggest that the Phyllospondyli are more closely related to the Labyrmthodonta than to the other a

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1937.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY