摘要:

It was recently shown, by observations made in the Woods Hole region, that the currently accepted definition ofArenicola cristataembraces in fact two species,A. cristataStimpson andA. carolednaWells. The distribution of these forms has now been studied.A. cristatais the dominant warm‐water lugworm on the shores of North America, extending northwards to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and Humboldt Bay, California.A. carolednadominates in China and Japan. But both species are very widely distributed round the world, and both show a tendency to differentiate into local varieties.Arenicola glasselliBerkeley andA. bombayensisKewalramaniet al. are intimately related tocaroledm, but should be maintained, for the present at least, as separate species. The four speciescristata, caroledna, glasselliandbombayensisform a compact, closelyrelated quartet, which monopolises the lugworm beaches of tropical and subtropical shores.In Bermuda,A. cristatawas collected from purely calcareous “sand”, though elsewhere it occurs in more usual littoral sediments.Arenicola loveniKinberg is a warm‐temperate form, not very closely related to the four named above, and found to the south of the zone which they occupy. The Australian specimens constitute a seperate subspecies from the African ones, even though the “septal gonad” on which the distinction was origmally based by Stach is probably a temporary local accumulation of germ cells associated with the act of spawning.During the work, two remarkable anomalous worms were noticed: a NeapolitanA. cristutafrom which either the 5th or the 6th setiger seems to have disappeared without trace, and anA. bombayenaiswith two pair

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main veins of the Nile turtleTrionyx triunguisexhibit certain features in common with thorn of diving mammals. The jugular system is greatly reduced and the head is drained lwgely by an intravertebral vein. A peculiar snastomosing of the venous system in several parts ensures venous circulation under all conditions. The absence of valves from certain veins, the presence of venous plexuses and retia mirabila and othermo difications of the veins to suit the diving habit, are described.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The courtship of two species of amblypygids involves much tapping with the antenniform first legs and threatening with the pedipalps but no mating grasp. Insemination consists of the male depositing a spermatophore onto the ground and then loading its proximal end with sperm after which the female collects the sperm. The possible relevance of the occurrence of this behaviour to taxonomy of the Pedipalpi and considerations of the rvolution of mating in the spiders is mentioned.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The breeding distribution of the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) in north‐west Britain is well known. The general distribution of the common seal (Phoca vitulina) is not well known. The seasonal movements of seals in the area are unknown, though some postulates about them have been made. The work gives two sets of results: (i) an analysis of response of observers, and (ii) the analysis of the data which they reported to suggest seasonal occurence and movements of seals.A postal survey of seal occurrence in the area was carried out between June 1958 and May 1959. The co‐operation of over 100 observers at different stations was obtained. The response in terms of numbers of forms returned and of their content is analysed and found to be satisfactory. Owing to factors which affected observers in different ways, only about half the response could be used in studying seasonal changes. The common seal and grey seal are both involved. Periods of three months and over of high numbers can be grouped in two distinct classes: (i) those occurring from spring to autumn associated with the summer range of the grey seal, and (ii) from autumn to winter associated with the influx of young into the common seal population. Observations from the Firth of Clyde show a predominance of common seals. There is an assembly mostly of grey seals near Innellan in spring and summer, and large assemblies of commons, particularly in autumn and winter at Ardrossan (north shore), Lady Isle and Heads of Ayr. Seasonal movements are discussed. Observations from the North Channel coast show a mixed population of greys and commone from the Copeland Islands, Maidens (Larne), Rathlin, Davaar, Sanda and Mull of Kintyre, with commons only at Inishowen and Fanad Head. Seasonal movements are discuased. Observations from the Atlantic coasts of Scotland show a predominance of grey seals. The occurrence of both species is discussed, together with movements associated with heavy seas and movements of fish. The movements of grey seals from a wide summer range to the breeding islands takes place in August and September; movement back takes from January to June. There is a peak in seal movements (both species considered) in north‐west Britain in May and June. The upsurge in activity starts in March, increases greatly in April and is at maximum in May and June. Thereafter it declines gradually through summer and autumn to a minimum in winter. A subsidiary peak in September may be associated with movements of grey seals to breeding grounds. The suggested peak of movements is synchronous with the periods of finest weather in north‐west Britain. No connection between movements of seals and the disposition offish throughout the range of the survey, can

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The condition of the interstitial and spermatogenetic tissue of five species of migratory waders “wintering” in the Gambia is described. Specimens were collected during the four months preceding their departure on the nuptial migration, and also on their arrival in England. The testes were not inactive (as has often been considered in the past) but displayed a sequence of cyolical changes which involved a gradual depletiop of post‐nuptial tubule lipids, an increase of interstitial lipids and, finally, near the expected time of migration, the onset of spermatogenesis accompanied by a depletion of cholesterol‐positive lipids in the Leyding cytoplasm. Interstitial Leydig cells were easily distinguishable even in the winter gonads becaw of their lipoidal contents, and thus contradicted previous assertions that they are absent during this

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fifty‐one species of Crustacea are recorded from plankton samples taken from the Sokoto river system. The following new species are described;Alona. holdni, Microcyclops pseudo‐anceps, Cyclopa gauthieri, Phyaocypria minicapensis. An account is given of the seaaonal occurrence of each species in the main channel of the river and in a pool which becomes isolated from the river during the dry season. Two assemblages of Crustacea are distinguished; in the dry masonDiaphanosoma excisum, Moina dubicr, two species ofThermocyclopsandTropodiaptomus laurentiiform the bulk of the plankton, but in the wet mason, when the river is in flood the dominant crustaceem are members of the cledoceran genusAlona. The specific composition of the crustacean plankton of the Sokoto is compared with that of the Illinois and the Nile; in all three rivers there are approximately three times as many species of Cladocera as of cyclopoid copep

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Common gdlemot, or murre (Uria aalge) is a cliff‐breeding auk distributed over the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In the Atlantic population a mutant form with a white eye‐ring, called the bridled guillemot, occurs in a low proportion (1 to 6 per cent) at Englieh and Irish colonies and this proportion increases northwards to a maximum of c.60 per cent in Iceland and Bear Island. This pattern of distribution WBB established by a co‐operative inquiry sponsored by the British Trust for Ornithology in 1938–39.Ten yem later the survey waa repeated and at a Substantial number of colonies the percentage of bridled birds had changed significantly, mainly in the direction of decrease. A recent re‐survey after another ten years (1969–60) show that them changes have been almost exeotly reversed and the detailed evidence is presented in this paper.Additional data from colonies in Norway and in Newfoundland and Labrador make the picture of distribution mo

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As part of an ectoparasite survey which is being conducted h the Republic of Lebanon by the senior author collections of over three hundred bats of fourteen species and subspecies have been made during the past two years. Two of these species occur in Lebanon as subspecies new to science while several others represent additions to the chiropteran fauna of the Arabian Peninsula. The material is listed systematically and biological observations upon the species are included when available. A map is included showing collection localities.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Material collected from duiker shot on a tsetse control game elimination scheme was studied and information of its breeding and feeding habits obtained from what is normally a wasteful operation.Previous theories of its breeding, which were based on rather scanty evidence, have been largely confirmed by the present investigation. The feeding habits of the duiker in the particular ma under consideration, based on the stomach contents of those destroyed, showed the duiker to be almost entirely 8 browser, having a much greater variety in the diet during the October to January period.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1962.tb05712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY