摘要:

A general survey of the marine fauna of the Gold Coast (now Ghana) was carried out in the years 1949‐52. Collections were made along the whole length of the Ghanaian coast line and in the sub‐littoral near Accra. Systematic descriptions have already been published of the Polychaeta; Pagurida; Hippidea and Brachyura; Echinodermata and Tunicata. Accounts of the Cirripedia; Caridea, Palinura and Thalassinidea; and Polyzoa are expected shortly, while accounts of the Porifera and some Coelenterata will be delayed. Lists of the Mollusca (excluding Cephalopoda) and fishes are given here in Appendices 4 and 5.In all, 586 species have been named, including 25 new species and many new records for the area. There are differences in the intertidal fauna at the east end of the coast as compared with the west, and there are similar changes in the sub‐littoral fauna in the few miles from Accra to the Densu mouth.The distribution of sub‐littoral animals conforms with Buchanan's (1958) description of the zonation, but no evidence was found of his mollusc‐free zone (Buchanan 1954).The fauna consists mainly of the West African tropical species with a strong representation of species found further north and a few which extend southwards. There is also a small element of tropical species found also on the American Atlantic coast and a few pan‐tropi

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ciliation and structure of the labial palps of the nuculidAcila castrensishave been investigated and found to be extremely complex. A morphological and functional association of the labial palps and the inner demibranchs of the ctenidia has been observed inAcilaand inNucula.Small particles trapped by the ctenidia are passed to the labial palps and then to the mouth via the lateral oral groove. Nuculids have three ways of obtaining particles to be sorted for food: (a) by way of the ciliated palp proboscides; (b) by way of the outer, unridged surfaces of the outer palp lamellae the ciliation of which collects particles from the incurrent stream of water; and (c) by way of the frontal and enlarged frontal cilia of the ctenidia and the functional association of the ctenidia and palps. Comparisons are made from which it is shown that the Nuculidae and the Tellinacea share certain adaptations forinhalantdeposit feeding in muddy environments. Morphological, paleontological, and embryological evidence is reviewed. The conclusion is reached that the immediate bivalved ancestors of existing protobranchs, filibranchs, and eulamellibranchs could have been suspension feeders and that palp proboscides may never have appeared in the evolutionary mainstream of the Bivalvia.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The object of this paper is to redescribeGobius forsteriCorbin 1958, and to determine the systematic position of this species. Study of the distribution of the lateral line sensory papillae in particular has indicated thatG. forsteribelongs to the subgenusZebrusDe Buen 1930, where it may be identical withG. thoriDe Buen 1928.

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06088.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A list of species in the collection is given. Six of these are already known from the Antarctic. One species,Hansenomysis antarcticaHolt and Tattersall, 1906, previously known only from two types and two other isolated specimens, all of which lacked the posterior region of the telson, is represented by a complete specimen and the tail‐fan is fully figured and described. A species of the same genus, new to science, is described and figured; the genus is reviewed, the homology of certain organs discussed and a key for the identification of its known species give

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06089.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Groups of marked wild house mice confined in pens were subjected to repeated live‐trapping, to investigate suspected differences in reaction to traps. More males tended to enter traps than females, but the difference between the sexes was not consistently statistically significant. Within each sex, however, some individuals were significantly trap‐prone, and some trap‐shy. This heterogeneity in response was more pronounced among the females, and there was evidence that it was due to social factors involving the presence of mates. The trap‐response of descendants of trap‐prone and trap‐shy mice suggested that inherent differences might also

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06090.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The discovery that mussels showing some features used to identifyM. galloprovincialisLmk. (the so‐called “Mediterranean Mussel”) are more widespread in Britain than had previously been supposed, led to a re‐appraisal of the distinction between this entity andM. edulisL. It is concluded that shell characters are too variable to afford a distinction between these two mussels: the most reliable separating character appears to be the very dark colour of the mantle edge in mussels from the Mediterranean.Curved and ungulate forms of British mussels are described and it is concluded that these are merely a form ofM. edulis—probably the outcome of old age or slow growth. These ungulate mussels share similar shell characteristics with some populations ofM. galloprovincialis; also a very dark mantle edge may occur to some extent in populations of otherwise normalM. edulis.This intermingling of characters lends support to the taxonomic conclusion thatM. galloprovincialisLmk. cannot be regarded (on present evidence) as more than a race or subspecies ofM. edulisL. In certain circumstances it appears to be impossible to distinguish between the two

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The composition of the diet of Llyn Tegid trout has been determined by analysing the stomach contents, using the volume, number and occurrence methods. All three methods yield comparable results, but the volume method is the most satisfactory. The trout is an indiscriminate carnivore. The relative extent to which different animals are eaten depends mainly on their numerical representation in the fauna, though their size, habits and mobility are probably also important. In Llyn Tegid,Gammarus pulexformed 24 per cent by volume of the total food consumption. Other important animals were the caddis larvaeLimnephilus lunatusandPotamophylax stellatus, the mayfliesEphemera danica(especially the sub‐imago) andLeptophlebia marginata(nymph) and the isopodAsellus meridianus.Seasonal changes in the diet were considerable and appeared to be largely the result of seasonal changes in the availability of the different food organisms. From October to April, the trout fed mainly on bottom‐living organisms, and from May to September on animals caught at the surface. The mean volume of food eaten increased greatly in summer to a mid‐summer peak more than eight times the winter level. This was probably due to seasonal physiological changes in the trout and to a spring and summer increase in the amount of available food. A comparison of the caddis larvae eaten by the two fishes indicates that the trout is a more superficial feeder than the grayling. It is suggested that this reduces competition for food between the two species. In accordance with the findings of other workers, the trout appeared to avoid eating corixids. No important change in feeding‐habits with size was found within the size‐range covered by the samples (88–344 mm.), all the trout being in the insect‐

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In ornithology, check lists are still always arranged in what purports to be a “natural” order of species and genera. Such a system has inescapable weaknesses and the results are delusive and misleading. It is recommended that within the genus the species should, so far as possible, be allocated to numbered species‐groups (reasons to be published by the reviser), that the specific names should be printed in alphabetical order, and that each should have suffixed to it the number of any species‐group to which it belongs. The use of alphabetical order has come increasingly into favour in other branches of

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-2774    

DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1961.tb06095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1961

数据来源: WILEY