摘要:

AbstractA word profile program has been developed in conjunction with the services of the Institute for Scientific Information for surveying the literature in teratology, developmental biology, and reproductive biology. It has been revised many times to improve the discriminating qualities of the program. It should provide scientists with a current review of the published articles in the field for a relatively low cost. This same program, if purchased as an individual subscriber, would cost ten times the ISI regular subscription price for the ASCA service. Colleagues and subscribers are encouraged to make recommendations that will improve the program.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of ectopia cordis cervicalis is reported; it seems to be the seventh one in the available literature. It concerns a completely ectopic cor biloculare with a truncus arteriosus persistens, located above the apertura thoracis superior, being covered by soft tissue. A survey of the cases cited in the available literature since 1712 is given.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPregnant Wistar rats were maintained on a diet of food pellets and a 10% (v/v) solution of ethanol in water during pregnancy and up to 21 days postpartum. Control groups were given food pellets and water ad libitum. The consumption of food and liquid was monitored throughout this period, so that daily food‐ and ethanol‐derived caloric intake, daily liquid intake, and dose of alcohol ingested could be determined. The body weights and whole brain weights of ethanol‐exposed offspring did not differ significantly from controls at any time from birth up to 21 days postpartum. However, cerebellar weights were significantly reduced in 21‐day‐old ethanol‐exposed offspring. Areal analysis of the cerebellar vermis showed a 9% reduction in 21‐day‐old ethanol‐exposed offspring compared with controls. Although there were no differences in total vermal area between control and treated rats at 12 days, ethanol‐exposed offspring had a significantly more extensive external granular layer. In midgestation, pregnant females registered peak alcohol levels of 118 mg/100 ml blood 1 hr prior to the end of the dark cycle, while during lactation peak levels of 135 mg/100 ml blood were obtained. Neonate alcohol levels peaked slightly later and reached much lower values (44 mg/100 ml blood) during the lactation period. Ingested alcohol intake and blood alcohol levels fall within the range associated in man with the fetal alcohol syndrome, and it is suggested that the experimental regime described is a useful method for invest gating the effects of alcohol on the develo

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was performed to investigate direct embryotoxic effects of maternal progestin treatment during the preimplantation period. In the first experiment pregnant mice received a single subcutaneous injection of either Cyproterone acetate (CA) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on day 2 of pregnancy (5–600 mg/kg). In a second experiment four‐cell embryos were exposed to CA or MPA in vitro (3 or 30 μg/ml medium). Our results revealed: (1) After maternal treatment the number of live embryos was reduced after the highest CA dose. Development into blastocysts was inhibited in a dose‐related manner after CA but not after MPA. The number of cells in morulae, blastocysts, and of the inner cell mass (ICM) of late blastocysts was not affected. (2) When morulae and blastocysts were cultured in vitro after maternal treatment, hatching, attachment, and trophoblast outgrowth were inhibited after high doses, but development and differentiation of the ICM were inhibited even after low doses. (3) Application of 30 μg/ml of CA or MPA in vitro was directly embryolethal. Three μg/ml did not affect development into blastocysts, but ICM development and differentiation were again inhibited during subsequent culture in hormone‐free medium. (4) Qualitative protein synthesis was altered in morulae and blastocysts 24 hours after maternal CA treatment. According to our results high doses of progestins are embryotoxic before implantation, low doses have delayed effects on embryonic development that are particularly evident after implantatio

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe descriptive epidemiology of conjoined twinning in the United States was investigated using data from the Birth Defects Monitoring Program (BDMP), a nationwide congenital malformations surveillance system that monitors discharge diagnoses associated with a third of the births in the United States. This is the largest recorded series concerning conjoined twins; data were analyzed on 7,903,000 births monitored by the BDMP in the period 1970–1977. The analysis identified 81 sets of conjoined twins, for a crude incidence of 10.25 per million births. The most common types of conjoined twins were thoracoomphalopagus (28%), thoracopagus (18%), omphalopagus (10%), parasitic twins (10%), and craniopagus (6%). Conjoined twins are more common among females than males, and in nonwhites than whites. No maternal age effect was found. There was no evidence of seasonal or temporal clustering of the cases. The large number of conjoined twins who had birth defects that are not obviously linked to the conjoining (particularly neural tube defects and orofacial clefts) may provide insights into the pathogenesis of birth defects resulting from disordered embryonic migration and fusio

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test a recent hypothesis on the causal relationship between sauna‐induced hyperthermia and congenital defects, 100 consecutive cases of defects of the central nervous system and 202 cases of orofacial clefts were singled out from the Finnish Registry of Malformations. The mothers and their time‐area‐matched referents were interviewed for their sauna habits. Almost every pregnant mother (98.5%) had visited the sauna regularly, and yet, the incidence of the CNS defects in Finland is among the lowest ever reported. No differences in the sauna habits were observed between the case and referent mothers. It is concluded that the relatively mild, temporal hyperthermia caused by the sauna should not be considered hazardous for the developing e

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpidemiologic studies of the neural tube defects (NTDs), anencephalus and spina bifida, have for the most part been based on single sources of case ascertainment in past studies. The present investigation attempts total ascertainment of NTD cases in the newborn population of Los Angeles County residents for the period 1966–1972. Design of the study, sources of data, and estimates of prevalence rates based on single and multiple sources of case ascertainment are here discussed. Anencephalus cases totaled 448, spina bifida 442, and encephalocele 72, giving prevalence rates of 0.52, 0.51, and 0.08 per 1000 total births, respectively, for these neural tube defects–rates considered to be low. The Los Angeles County prevalence rates are compared with those of other recent North American studies and support is provided for earlier suggestions of low rates on the West Co

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpidemiologic characteristics of neural tube defect (NTD) births occurring in Los Angeles County, California, residents during the period 1966–1972 are presented. The prevalence at birth was 0.52/1000 births for anencephalus, 0.51/1000 for spina bifida, and 0.08/1000 for encephalocele, rates considered to be low for a predominantly white population.We hypothesized that environmental (nongenetic) factors are of less etiologic importance in a low‐prevalence population than in areas or time periods with high prevalence. We tested that hypothesis by examining epidemiologic characteristics of NTDs in Los Angeles County and comparing them with high‐prevalence populations. The data did not support a major etiologic role for environmental factors: (1) no significant differences between rates by month of birth or conception; (2) no significant association with maternal age or parity for anencephalus; for spina bifida a significant maternal age effect (P<0.01) and for encephalocele a parity effect (P<0.02); and (3) no significant relationship with father's occupational class for either anencephalus or encephalocele but a marginally significant (P<0.05) inverse association for spina bifida when a statistic based on ordinal relationships was used.Findings supporting the importance of genetic factors in etiology included: (1) a high percentage of males; (2) a higher twin concordance rate than in high‐prevalence populations; and (3) an anencephalus rate among blacks comparable with rates for blacks in other United States populations. Our findings in conjunction with those from other areas and times of low prevalence suggest environmental factors play a relatively insignificant role in the etiology of NTDs in such popu

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen Day 10 rat embryos were grown in culture containing cyclophosphamide, an hepatic microsomal fraction (S‐9), and cofactors for monooxygenation, they developed characteristic malformations. When a fixed volume of CP was added to cultures the number of malformed embryos was increased and their growth decreased dependent upon the S‐9 concentration. In one group of experiments S‐9 was prepared from animals which had been pretreated with either phenobarbital (PB) or 3‐methylcholanthrene (MCA). All embryos cultured with CP by S‐9 from animals pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) (μl/ml) was used. No malformations were seen under the same conditions when MCA‐induced S‐9 (0.25–12.5 μl/ml) was substituted. The teratogenic activation of CP by S‐9 from animals pretreated with polychlorinated byphenyls (Aroclor 1254) was inhibited in vitro by the addition of either metyrapone or carbon monoxide. Embryos which were exposed to CP (25 mg/kg) in vivo on Day 10 were indistinguishable from embryos treated in vitro. All developed characteristic defects and had significant decreases in growth parameters when compared to control litters receiving only vehicle. No histological differences were seen between embryos treated in vivo or in vitro. These data provide further evidence that the teratogenicity of CP is dependent upon one or more maternal P450 mo

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFemale CD‐1 mice were mated with CD‐1 ×T/ + F1males that were heterozygous for the brachyury (T) semidominant lethal gene or were +/+. Fetuses from CD‐1 × +/ + matings were normal when observed on gestation Day 17 (plug day = Day 0). Those from the CD‐1 ×T/+ cross exhibited the expected 1:1 ratio of short:normal tail lengths, but 10% of these fetuses were tailless, apparently due to factors in the CD‐1 genotype that increased the expressivity of theT‐gene with regard to reduction of tail length. Additional CD‐1 females were mated with CD‐1 ×tw18/+ F1males. Fetuses from the CD‐1 ×tw18/+ matings were normal. CD‐1 females carrying CD‐1 X +/+, CD‐1 ×T/+, or CD‐1 ×tw18/ + litters were injected ip on gestation Day 9 with 30 mg/kg cycloheximide or were untreated. Cycloheximide was teratogenic for litters from all three crosses. Polydactyly, oligodactyly, and a variety of skeletal abnormalities were observed. Gross malformations and total skeletal malformations were increased in treated CD‐1 ×T/ + ortw18/ + litters in comparison with CD‐1 × +‐/ + litters, as were nonvertebral skeletal defects in CD‐1 ×tw18/+ litters. Prenatal mortality was also greater in treated mutant‐containing litters than in + / + litters, and fetal weights were similarly decreased in treated CD‐1 ×tw18/ + litters. The incidence of taillessness was also higher in treated (26%) than in control (10%) CD‐1 ×T/ + litters. Thus both theTandtw18alleles appear to have enhanced the teratogenicity of cycloheximide, and th

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420250311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY