摘要:

AbstractSplit notochord syndrome of the lumbosacral spine in association with dorsal enteric fistula is a rare phenomenon. To date, only nine human cases have been reported in the English literature. We present another case of this type, with sacral agenesis as an additional and unique finding. Several etiological theories are discussed including the persistence of the neurenteric canal, the occurrence of an ectopic or accessory neurenteric canal, a division or local redundancy of the notochord, an entodermal‐ectodermal adhesion, neural tube rupture caused by oversecretion of fluid, and failure or aberrancy of dorsal aortic distribution to the region of the neural folds resulting in prevention of timely neural tube closur

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTimed‐pregnant Upj:TUC(SD)spf (Sprague‐Dawley) rats were orally (gastric intubation) dosed with bropirimine (an immunomodulator and inducer of interferon with antiviral and antitumor activities against experimental models) at 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg/day (first experiment), or at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day (second experiment), on days 7–15 of gestation. In the first experiment, maternal toxicity occurred in all bropirimine‐treated groups as evidenced primarily by significant decreases in weight gain, as compared to the vehicle control group. Embryotoxicity also occurred as evidenced by a doserelated increase in the number of dams with early implantation sites only. This pronounced effect on early embryonic development led to an insufficient number of offspring to access the developmental toxicity of bropirimine. This effect and the fact that all three doses were toxic to the dams dictated that a second experiment be carried out at lower doses. Significant effects on maternal weight gain also were observed in the second experiment, at least in the first 4 days of dosing, although only one dam in the 100 mg/kg/day group had early implantation sites only, in contrast to 11 such dams at this dosage in the first experiment. However, the fact that there were significant dose‐related increases in the incidence of several variations in fetuses in this group indicated that there also was embryotoxicity at 100 mg/kg/day in the second experiment. Thus, although no biologically significant increases in the incidence of any malformation or major variation were found in this study, the results did indicate that bropirimine was embryotoxic at dosages which also produced significant maternal

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOrciprenaline sulfate is a beta‐adrenoceptor stimulant chemically described as 1‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐1‐hydroxy‐2‐isopropylaminoethane sulfate (Alupent®). The drug has broncho‐dilating activity and has been developed in numerous countries since 1961. The purpose of these studies was to investigate the teratogenic potential of orciprenaline and its mode of action in pregnant Jcl:ICR mice, when administered during the period of organogenesis and, more systematically, during the critical period of palate formation. Daily doses of 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg were given orally by gavage to mice on days 6–15, 11–13, or on day 12 of gestation. Additional studies were done to evaluate the maternal cardiotoxic action of orciprenaline and its effects on adrenal cortex and endogenous serum corticosterone. Five mg/kg triamcin‐olone acetonide, a glucocorticoid, were given subcutaneously as a positive control causing 100% cleft palate. Myocardial necroses occurred in pregnant mice only after 500 mg/kg orciprenaline had been given, and a significant increase in cleft palate occurred if exposure took place during days 11–13 or day 12 of gestation. This increase in cleft palate can be explained by the teratogenic effect of an elevated maternal serum corticosterone level 1 hr after orciprenaline treatment, about three

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined the effects of the synthetic estrogens, diethylstilbestrol (DES) and ethynylestradiol (EE), and the triphenylethylene antiestrogen, clomiphene citrate (CC), on uterine growth and development in the rat. These compounds, unlike estradiol, do not bind significantly to rat serum alphafetoprotein (AFP). Administration of DES or EE during the period of normal uterine gland genesis (postnatal days 10–14) induced luminal epithelium hypertrophy and increased uterine wet weight. The durations of these responses were dose‐related. By day 26, luminal epithelium cell numbers were significantly depressed, compared to controls. Uterine gland development was delayed 6 to 9 days, depending upon estrogen dose, and the numbers of uterine glands ultimately achieved were generally less than in untreated control animals. While a daily dose of 0.1 μg CC/rat did not alter uterine development, 10 μg CC/rat caused prolonged luminal epithelium hypertrophy and inhibited uterine gland genesis without inducing the large increases in uterine weight or the decreases in luminal epithelium cell number seen after estrogen exposure. The number of stromal cells was significantly increased on day 26 after CC exposure. Together with previous studies, these data demonstrate the greater potency and developmental stage specificity of non‐AFP‐bound estrogens with respect to altering uterine gland development. In addition, these data suggest that the disruptive influence of antiestrogens on gland genesis may be mediated through an indirect influence on the uteri

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPregnant Swiss Webster mice were given a liquid diet with ethanol (EtOH) or isocaloric amounts of maltose dextrin on gestation day (GD) 0 through 18. On GD 18, maternal blood samples were obtained. Fetuses were then removed and fetal brains were prepared for light microscopy. Fetal weight was reduced in the EtOH‐exposed group. The ratio of midbrain cross sectional area to cerebral aqueduct was reduced in the ethanol group, while the density of neuronal nuclear population in both the dense outer layer (DS) and sparse inner layer (SS) of the developing superior colliculus was increased. Mean nuclear volume was decreased in the S

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith the aid of data in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry for infants with hypospadias and controls, a number of variables were compared. Records of infants born in 1982–1983 (188 cases and 376 matched controls) contained information on involuntary infertility, previous spontaneous and induced abortions, use of oral contraceptives or a remaining IUD at conception, smoking in early pregnancy, occupation in early pregnancy, family situation, and diagnoses given during pregnancy and at delivery, including information on caesarean section and vacuum, extraction. Among all variables studied, only one group of statistically significant differences appeared: women whose sons had hypospadias more often than controls had a diagnosis of weak contractions, a higher rate of induced deliveries, and also a higher rate of caesarean sections. The finding of a higher caesarean section rate in infants with hypospadias was verified in a separate study of 1,736 hypospadic infants delivered in 1973–1981 and compared with all births in Sweden during that period. No difference in the rate of vacuum extractions was seen. This finding is interpreted as a result of an abnormality of the fetal‐placental‐maternal organism interaction, perhaps also disturbing the early pregnancy and increasing the risk for hypo

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContraceptive use in relation to pregnancy outcome was studied in 8,816 births in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand, by examination of newborn infants and interviews with their mothers. Four thousand twenty‐three women used no contraception before the index pregnancy, 1,229 used the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera (DMPA), and 3,038 used oral contraceptives prior to or during pregnancy. No differences were observed between these groups with respect to still births, multiple pregnancies, and birthweight. Women who used oral contraceptives had unexpectedly low rates of major defects and may have been affected by self‐selection bias, whereas the noncontraceptors had rates similar to other populations. There was a significantly increased association of polysyndactyly among infants of DMPA users relative to the other groups, which was most pronounced in offspring of women under age 30 years, and persisted after exclusion of subjects with a family history or infants with multiple abnormalities. However, in five out of the ten polysyndactyly, cases, the last injection of DMPA occurred more than 9 months before conception, and only three cases had definite gestational exposure. The association of chromosomal anomalies was also significantly increased in infants of mothers who used DMPA. The unrelated nature of these defects, the lack of confirmation from other studies, the distant preconceptional exposure to DMPA in many cases, and chance effects due to multiple statistical comparisons make a causal association unlikely. Other birth defects that had been previously reported in some publications to be associated with progestational steroid exposure, such as neural tube defects, heart malformations, and limb reduction defects, were not found in this study. Further research should evaluate in detail the type and incidence of syndactyly or chromosomal aberrations in exposed groups and appropriate control populati

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the live 11‐day chick embryo with special radiofrequency coils and 3‐D imaging methods has produced contiguous 1.25‐mm‐thick slices with 200‐μm pixel resolution, permitting definition of cardiac chambers, cerebral ventricles, spinal cord, liver, and lungs. It was the objective of this study to image younger chick embryos in ovo with higher spatial resolution through the application of implanted radiofrequency coils. Fertilized Arbor Acre eggs were windowed at 9, 6, and 4 days. Circular coils 18 mm in diameter tuned to 85.5 MHz were suspended around the developing embryo. The eggs were sealed with tape and maintained at 37°C during the imaging procedure. MRI was performed in a 2.0‐Tesla GE system utilizing a 3‐D Fourier transform acquisition in sagittal and axial planes with a partial saturation sequence (TR = 400 ms, TE = 27 ms). Approximately 1 hour of imaging time was required to obtain 16 contiguous 600‐μm‐thick slices with 50‐μm pixel resolution. Embryos remained viable through the imaging procedure. Embryos were photographed, fixed, and cleared for correlative anatomical study. Vitelline vessels, dorsal aorta, aortic arches, cardinal veins, and cardiac chambers were identified as areas of decreased signal intensity. Cerebral ventricles and the vitreous portion of the eye have signal intensities that are less than adjacent neural, scleral, and lens tissue. Further refinements in MR instrumentation and imaging sequences promise improvements in resolution and offer the potential for sequential observatio

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation on the position effect in mice on day 19 was based on a total of 610 fetuses from 51 litters of NMRI mice. The relative position of each fetus was determined by setting the distance from the center of each placenta to the cervix in relation to the total length of the uterine horn. After cessation of shrinkage due to fixation, the umbilical‐cord and remaining membranes were removed and the fetuses were weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg. The variance for the weighing procedures was estimated at 4 mg. The fetuses were uniformly distributed on a segment beginning about 7% beyond the cervical end and proceeding to about 10% short of the ovarian end. A mixed model analysis of variance was applied to estimate the position effect: the deviation of the individual weights from the mean for each uterine horn were modeled as a second degree polynomial of the relative position. A position effect was found; the fetuses on the cervical end were lighter, those in the middle were roughly the same, and those of the ovarian end were heavier than the averag

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is presented by which the survival rate of early chick embryos following surgical procedure can be greatly improved. It was discovered that the embryos were dying at the stage of the operating procedure at which ink was being introduced under the embryo. Ink was used to visualize the embryonic features more easily. The use of a contrast medium in which the ink has been previously mixed with yolk in the ratio of 1:30 solved the problem.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420380111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY