ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 7½‐year‐old girl with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita of the amyoplasia type in association with intestinal atresias, gastroschisis, Möbius anomaly, and hypoplasia of the pectoral, biceps, and deltoid muscles is described. Several combinations of these birth defects have been previously described. There is considerable evidence that gastroschisis, intestinal atresia, Poland sequence, and Möbius anomaly each has a vascular pathogenesis. Based on the associations seen in this child and past reports of more limited, similar cooccurrences, we suggest that arthrogryposis multiplex congenita may sometimes be caused by an intrauterine vascular catas

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo identify risk factors for gastroschisis other than drug use in pregnancy, an analysis of data collected in a case‐control surveillance program of birth defects (1976‐1990) was conducted. Drug use is considered in Werler et al.,Teratology, 45:361‐367, 1992. Maternal demographic, reproductive, and medical factors, and first trimester environmental exposures, were compared between 76 gastroschisis cases and 2,581 malformed controls. A strong inverse association was found for maternal age: relative to women 30 years or older, relative risks for 25‐29, 20‐24, and<20‐year‐old women were 1.7, 5.4, and 16, respectively. Multivariate relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) for alcohol use were as follows: for 1‐5 drinks per week, 1.6 (0.7‐3.4); for ⩾6 drinks per week, 2.5 (0.9‐6.8); for a maximum of 1‐4 drinks at any one time, 0.8 (0.4‐1.6); and for a maximum of ⩽5 drinks, 2.8 (1.2‐6.5). With the effect of age taken into account, no associations were identified for cigarette smoking, consumption of caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee, unplanned pregnancy, 12 or less years of education, or a parity of two or more. Other medical and reproductive factors, including weight gain, vaginal bleeding, nausea or vomiting, influenza, “other” infection, and history of spontaneous abortion or elective a

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a case‐control surveillance program, first trimester medication use was studied in relation to gastroschisis. There were 76 cases of gastroschisis which were compared with 2,142 controls with other major malformations. For pseudoephedrine use, we found a significantly elevated relative risk of 3.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.3‐7.7), with adjustment for confounding. Multivariate relative risks for analgesic/antipyretics and another decongestant were as follows: salicylates, 1.6 (0.9‐2.7); acetaminophen, 1.7 (1.0‐2.9); ibu‐profen, 1.3 (0.4‐3.7); and phenylpropanolamine, 1.5 (0.4‐5.4). No increases in risk were identified for use of antihistamines, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, or spermicides.Because salicylates, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine are vasoactive, the elevated risks for these drugs support the hypothesis of vascular disruption in the etiology of gastroschisis. We therefore examined maternal use of vasoactive medications in relation to a second case group of 416 infants with hetereogeneous defects suspected to have a vascular etiology. Relative risks for salicylates, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, and other decongestants approximated unity.These positive associations must be considered tentative. They have not been reported previously and should be confirmed independently. Also, acetaminophen, which may be taken for the same indications as salicylates and decongestants, but is not thought to be vasoactive, was associated with gastroschisis, suggesting that identified associations may be due to an underlying mat

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines development of rat, mouse, and human embryonic palates in submerged, serum‐free organ culture. The concentration‐response profiles for retinoic acid (RA), triamcinolone (TRI), hydrocortisone (HC), dexamethasone (DEX), and 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) were examined and the mechanisms of clefting in vitro were compared to observed in vivo responses. Craniofacial regions were dissected on gestational day (GD) 12 for mice and GD 14 for rat, and cultured for 3‐4 days in Bigger's BGJbmedium in flasks flushed with 50% O2, 45% N2, 5% CO2. Growth and fusion of secondary palates were scored under a dissecting microscope. In serum‐free control medium, mouse and rat palatal fusion occurred within the 4‐day culture period. Supplementing with fetal bovine serum (FBS) in excess of 1% interfered with growth and fusion in control medium. RA significantly inhibited fusion of mouse and rat palates at 5 × 10−9and 1 × 10−10M, respectively, with RA‐induced clefting related to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of medial epithelia. In contrast, glucocorticoid‐induced clefting was due to concentration‐dependent inhibition of shelf growth. TRI significantly inhibited fusion at 4 × 10−5M, and 1 × 10−4M DEX or HC, inhibited fusion of 19 and 42% of shelves, respectively. The response rate for DEX in the presence of 1% FBS was increased (42% unfused). TCDD clefting was due to altered medial epithelial differentiation and 1 × 10−8M TCDD affected 36% of CD‐1 mouse, 23% of C57BL/6N mouse, and 47% of F344 rat palates. When the medium was supplemented with 1% FBS, selenium, transferrin, and additional glutamine, the response of C57BL/6N embryos increased to 75%. This rate is similar to that reported for Trowell's‐type cultures with IMEM:F12 medium and 1% FBS. The increased responsiveness to DEX or TCDD in the presence of serum suggests that an unknown factor in serum may be required for full activity. Three human embryonic palatal explants (GD 52 or 53) were cultured for 3‐6 days and fused during culture. The present study demonstrates that serum‐free organ culture supports development of mouse, rat, and human palatal explants. The present study demonstrates the capacity of this organ culture system to model palatogenesis for several species, and to distinguish between various mechanisms of clefting as presented through selected model compounds. This model should be useful for exploring mechanisms o

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMurine trisomy 16 (mts16) placentas and fetuses, 17‐day gestation age, were examined histologically and by magnetic resonance imaging at 9.4 T and compared with control littermate tissues. Placentas were studied by immunohistochemical methods, at 15‐days gestational age, for expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I H‐2Kkcell surface marker. Immunohistochemical studies revealed a markedly increased expression of the MHC marker H‐2Kkon cells in the labyrinth of the placenta of mts16. There were differences between the magnetic resonance (MR) images of the trisomic and normal placentas, which may be correlated with the increased expression of H‐2Kkin the mts16 placental labyrinth. The decidual and labyrinthine components of the normal placentas showed similar high signal intensities (SI) while in trisomic placentas a marked high SI was characteristic only of the decidual region on proton spin density images. The MRI also revealed a smaller cerebellum in the ts16 fetuses. The potential effects of the compromised structure of the placental labyrinth and the overexpression of the H‐2Kkmarker on the mts16 neural and placental dysgenesis ar

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMid‐facial development is an extremely complex process involving coordinated events and precise timing. Cleft lip (CL) may result fro the failed fusion of the lateral and medial nasal processes in the developing embryo. It has been postulated that spontaneous CL in the A/J strain of mice may be due to a predisposing face shape (Trasler, '68). This hypothesis was examined in mutant mice susceptible to teratogen‐induced CL. Mice carrying the dancer (Dc) mutation in the heterozygous state rarely develop CL, whereas 90% of homozygotes (Dc/Dc) develop CL. Outcrossed heterozygotes show elevated susceptibility to 6‐aminonicotinamide (6AN)‐induced CL (Trasler et al., '84) and these were used to investigate face shape as a predisposing factor.Dc/+ and + / + males were mated to R stock females, and embryos were collected on day 10/21 hr, when the nasal placodes are approximately at the oblong or crescent stage. Total nasal process areas and volumes, medial and lateral process areas and volumes, and medial jut lengths were measured from histological sections, and comparisons made between the two populations. The results indicate that compared to +/+ control, heads of embryos from theDc/ + cross have significantly smaller mean total process areas and volumes (P<0.005), mean lateral process areas and volumes (P⩾0.005), mean medial process area and volumes (P⩾0.01), mean maximum head diameter (P⩾0.02), but similarly sized medial juts and crown rump lengths. Correlations between maximum head diameter and process size indicate that theDcmutation may hinder normal development of the nasal processes. These reduced nasal processes may explain the underlying predisposition to 6

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420450411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY