摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐five embryos were obtained from rats 48, 72, or 96 hours after injection of the maternal animal with the teratogenic dye trypan blue on day 9 of gestation. Low‐magnification examinations of these fixed and cleared embryos revealed distinct deposits of trypan blue in the caudal segments of the gut. Light‐microscope examinations revealed dye deposits in the gut endoderm and cells of the adjacent mesenchyme. The implications of these observations are disc

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo infants are reported with congenital malformtions. In each case, the infant had a karyotype containing an abnormal chromosome and one parent was a balanced structural heterozygote.Data on the phenotypes of the propositi are presented with familial studies on blood group markers and chromosome analysis, including paternal meiosis in the case in which the father carried the balanced translocation.In the first case, the infant had a duplication of part of the long arms of one of the 6‐X‐12 group, probably number 11; the mother had a balanced interchange probably between chromosome 11 and 12. In the second, the infant had a duplication of part of the long arms of another chromosome in the 6‐X‐12 group, probably number 8, while the father had a balanced interchange between this chromosome and number 18. Meiotic studies indicated that the interchange chromosomes usually formed a quadrivalent during the first meiotic division; when univalents formed, the cells tend to deg

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhen 0.05 ml propylene glycol or a related glycol was introduced into the air chamber during early development most chick embryos survived the treatment. When a glycol was injected on the second day of incubation or later the viability of the embryos was reduced. A maximal sensitivity towards glycols was observed on the fourth day of development, when 90% of the embryos died within two hours and 20% of the surviving embryos had asymmetric malformations of the limbs. Of all the compounds tested in the air chamber, only propanediol‐1,3 caused a specific type of malformation (micromelia) in a high percentage of the embryos.When injections were made into the yolk sac it was found that the insertion of a needle prior to incubation caused a high mortality even in the controls. This sensitivity towards a mechanical disturbance diminished rapidly after 24 hours of incubation. With the exception of propanediol‐1,3 none of the glycols appeared to be teratogenic when injected into the yolk sac in amounts not exceeding 0.05 ml. When 0.2 ml propylene glycol was introduced into the yolk on the fourth day of incubation, a large liquid‐containing cyst was observed on the dorsal side of many of the embryos.The high toxicity of glycols when injected into the air chamber on the fourth day may be attributed to their capacity of destroying the vascular system of the yol

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of acetylsalicylic acid, meclizine hydrochloride, methamphetamine hydrochloride, clomiphene citrate, vincristine sulfate, and 6‐aminonicotinamide on fetal development of theMacaca mulattawere studied.Two monkeys administered acetylsalicylic acid 40 mg/kg/day from the 25th day of gestation to term produced normal young. Seven pregnant monkeys given meclizine hydrochloride 10 mg/kg/day during various five‐day intervals had normal progeny. Five monkeys given methamphetamine hydrochloride 0.5 mg/kg/day from implantation to term had four normal young and one abortion. Clomiphene citrate administered to 18 pregnant monkeys during various stages of organogenesis resulted in 16 normal offspring and two stillbirths.Two of the five monkeys that received vincristine sulfate produced offspring with congenital malformations. One, given a single injection of 0.175 mg/kg on the twenty‐ninth day of gestation, had an offspring with encephalocele. One administration of 0.15 mg/kg on the twenty‐seventh day of gestation produced syndactyly in the offspring of another. The other monkeys, which received 0.15 or 0.20 mg/kg on the twenty‐eighth, thirty‐third, or thirty‐fourth day of gestation, produced normal offspring.Seven monkeys were treated with 6‐aminonicotinamide at different stages of gestation. Four, treated from the twenty‐sixth to twenty‐ninth days, aborted, the other three had normal young.Retrospective studies of therapeutic agents used at various times during pregnancy in monkeys in the colony have shown that hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin), chloramphenicol succinate (Chloromycetin), lincomycin hydrochloride (Lincocin), and benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G (Longicil) have no apparent effect on the deve

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHyperthermia induced in pregnant rats by exposures for 40 to 60 minutes in an incubator that raised deep body temperatures from 38.1 ± 0.51 to 42.7 ± 0.62°C produced increased fetal resorptions, retardation of growth, and a number of development defects. Grossly apparent fetal malformations included microphthalmia following hyperthermia on day 9 of pregnancy, anencephaly on day 10, and defects of tails, limbs, toes, palate, and body on days 12 to

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe teratogenic effects of N‐nitroso‐N‐methylurea on the rat embryo were investigated. Skeletal malformations were produced in rat embryos by a dose of 20 mg/kg of maternal body weight on day 13 of pregnancy. The structurally malformed fetuses had multiple malformations including: clubfeet, syndactyly, cleft palate, micrognathia, crooked tail, and hydrocephalus. Drug administered on day 8 or 10 at dosages of 5–20 mg/kg gave no malformations at term but tended to increase fetal mortality. A dose of 20 mg/kg on day 13, however, resulted in a high incidence of congenital malformations but did not increase the resorption rate. To correlate the structural malformations with biochemical changes, zone electrophoretic separation of several enzyme systems was carried out in starch and polyacrylamide gels. Variations from the normal isozyme patterns of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and nonspecific esterases were found in abnormally developing embryos

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA retrospective study was made of sporadic congenital malformations in newborn mice of nine inbred strains maintained in this laboratory. Young of seven of the strains had externally observable anomalies. In four the frequency was 0.1–0.5% and the defects formed no obvious pattern. In another it was about 4% and consisted mostly of preaxial polydactyly of the forefoot.In the remaining two the frequency was greater and some of the malformations appeared to constitute particular syndromes. In the C57BL/6JKt strain the overall frequency of malformed offspring was 10.1% and the abnormalities included eye defects, polydactyly, and otocephaly. Those of the eye (microphthalmia and anophthalmia) were commonest and affected females and right eyes much more often than males and left ones. In the A/JKt strain the total frequency of malformed offspring was 10.4% and the abnormalities included cleft lip with or without cleft palate, open eyelid, and polydactyly. Cleft lip was commonest and did not show a sex or side preference.The use of inbred strains to investigate the etiology of sporadic congenital malformations of probable multifactorial origin is to be encourage

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlbino rats were exposed to X irradiationin uteroon day 16 of gestation. In two separate experiments, animals that received 200 r, but not those that received 100 r, showed increased locomotor activity in an open‐field on three successive daily 3‐minute test sessions. In contrast to this hyperactivity, exploration measured by the duration of sniffing at novel objects was lower in irradiated animals on the first test day, but reached the level of the controls on the second test day. Animals with previous testing experience did not show increased locomotor activity at the age of one year. Measures of defecation did not discriminate as reliably as did locomotor activity. Animals that received 200 r also had a higher heart rate than a control group, with the difference decreasing over a 60‐minute testing period. The data would indicate that prenatally X‐irradiated rats show fearfulness when exposed to novel situations but with increased exposure to the testing situation or experience the animals' responses tend to approximate those of unexposed

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420010201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY