摘要:

AbstractA male infant with the Meckel syndrome was studied anatomically. The findings were compared with those from eight trisomy‐13 cases to determine whether or not the superficial similarities between the two syndromes were matched by similarities in the internal variations. Emphasis was on the head and limbs.In the head, major differences were found in the nasal bones, mandible, and tongue. In the limbs, the skeletal variations were more severe in the Meckel syndrome infant, but he lacked the muscle variations diagnostic of trisomy 1

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractC57BL/6 (C57BL) and SWV mice were treated subcutaneously with triamcinolone acetonide in a single dose of 1.0–7.0 mg/kg on day 12 of pregnancy, and the palate of their fetuses was examined at term. In C57BL mice palatal slit occurred spontaneously and its frequency increased with increasing doses of triamcinolone. However, this defect was not seen in SWV fetuses, even when dams were treated with the doses that induced cleft palate. The frequency of cleft palate increased in both C57BL and SWV as the dose of triamcinolone increased. Fetal mortality increased in SWV, but not in C57BL, with increasing doses of triamcinolone. Dose‐response relations were analyzed by the log‐probit transformation method. In C57BL mice, the slope of the doseresponse curve of palatal slit was significantly different from that of cleft palate. In contrast, the dose‐response curves of cleft palate were similar in both C57BL and SWV; the median effective dose was significantly greater in C57BL than in SWV. The mechanism of induced palatal slit appears to be different from that of induced cleft palate; the mechanism of cleft palate induction may be the same in both C57BL and SWV. The slope of the dose‐response curve of fetal mortality in SWV mice was different from that of cleft palate; the mechanisms underlying the resorption and cleft palate responses must be

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring seven annual birth seasons, from January 1976 to July 1982, 963 infants were born in the Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico, colony of free‐ranging rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The reproductive rate for mature females, 4 years of age and older, ranged between 74.1% and 84.7%, with a cumulative mean of 80.8% over 7 years. Live births comprised 95.3% of the total and the secondary sex ratio was 109 male to 100 female births. No twinning was observed. Aborted and stillborn monkeys represented 4.7% of all births. The percentage of stillborn females was greater than that of males (4.0% vs. 3.1%). Neonatal death, defined as mortality within 48 hours postpartum, occurred in 0.8% of the live births.Two cases of congenital abnormalities were observed. The first was an anencephalic, acranial female and the second a congenitally blind male. Both infants were born to matrilineally unrelated 7‐and 8‐year‐old multiparous females with no prior history of delivering malformed offspring. The incidence of each defect, based on 963 births, was 0.10%, with a cumulative incidence of 0.20% for all teratisms seen during the study.Multiple occurrences of a rare, nonpathological and nonlethal hereditary anomaly were also seen. Five “golden” macaques were born into two genetically distinct social groups within the last 2 years of observation. The incidence of this phenotype, based on five cases, was 0.52%, 52 times the expected

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInbred strains of mice differ in their response to the embryopathic effects of phenytoin (PHT). A/J animals, the most susceptible strain, were mated to C57BL/6J mice, the most resistant strain. The susceptibility of the F1hybrid offspring was determined by the susceptibility of the mother. B6AF1animals were as resistant as C57BL/6J parental mice, and AB6F1hybrids were as susceptible as A/J mice. This was especially evident when orofacial anomalies were tallied. (B6A)F2hybrid offspring were as resistant as their C57BL/6J grandparents.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious investigations have revealed that prenatal exposure to diazepam (DZ) alters brain development and behavior in the offspring of rats and mice. In order to understand how DZ may affect the developing nervous system it is necessary to examine its metabolic fate in the neonate. It is therefore the aim of this study to investigate the disposition, metabolism, and persistence of DZ in the neonate. Dams were injected s.c. with 2.5 mg/kg of14C DZ (10 μCi/day) on days 13–20 of gestation and their litters were fostered at birth. Dams killed within 24 hours postpartum and neonates killed at postnatal days 0, 10, and 20 were analyzed for14C activity. Brain levels (pmoles DZ and metabolites/100 mg tissue SE) were 3.4 ± 0.3 in the dam and in the neonates were 3.2 ± 0.3 (day 0), 3.4 ± 0.3 (day 10), and undetectable at day 20. Neonatal peripheral tissue14C activity was undetectable by day 10. Brain regional analysis indicates14C is highest in the colliculi at day 0, but not at day 10. Brain levels of DZ, oxazepam (OXA), N‐desmethyldiazepam (NDZ), and the glucuronide (GLU) determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were GLU (49%), DZ (28%), and NDZ (24%) in the dam; GLU (52%), DZ (24%), and NDZ (25%) in the day 0 neonate; and GLU (32%), DZ (12%), NDZ (39%), and OXA (19%) at day 10.The distribution and metabolism of14C DZ that persists in the neonate following prenatal exposure differs from that which occurs in the dam. The neonatal brain contains OXA and a higher concentration of14C exists in the colliculi region of day 0 neonates when compared with maternal brain. Prenatal14C DZ activity persists longer in the neonatal brain than in peripheral tissue but all tissue levels are undetectable at day 20. Therefore, DZ and its pharmacologically active metabolites persist longest in the neonatal brain and could therefore alter both prenatal and postnatal developmental processes. However, no drug is present in the neonate at 20 days of age and therefore could not directly affect behavior measured then or at l

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of the new cytostatic drug cis‐diamminedichloro‐platinum(II) (cis‐platinum) on the developing neocortex of NMRI mouse embryos or fetuses were investigated using light‐ and electron‐microscopic methods. Single doses of 20 mg cis‐platinum/kg were applied intraperitoneally on day 10, 11,…, or 16 of gestation. After treatment on day 10 or 11—i.e., during the phase of organogenesis—no morphological alterations could be detected in the neuroepithelium. However, after treatment on day 12 or later, the mitotic activity was markedly reduced and a great number of cells had become necrotic within 12–24 h after application of the drug. At the ultrastructural level, the development of necroses began with a condensation of the chromatin, culminating in the formation of large condensation plaques and shrinkage and fragmentation of the cytoplasm. The observed necroses can be classified according to Schweichel and Merker as type I necroses. It is argued that the apparent teratogenic inefficiency of cis‐platinum on days 10 and 11 of murine pregnancy is caused by the inability of cis‐platinum to pass the placental barrier at

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSwiss Webster female mice weighing 25–30 gm were injected subcutaneously on days 6–15 of gestation with the synthetic sex steroid Delalutin (17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate). Treatment was given daily in doses ranging from 42 to 833 mg/kg body weight, or 10, 100, and 200 times the human therapeutic dose. On day 18 fetuses were removed from the uterus and examined for malformations and other fetotoxic effects. Prenatal treatment with the two higher doses resulted in 8 and 13% maternal deaths, and all doses resulted in a slight increase (4–12% above control) in resorption frequency. Treatment with Delalutin did not significantly affect intrauterine growth, sex ratio, or malformation rate of the offspring. The results of the present study confirm other reports that Delalutin is not androgenic, and that it, like progesterone and certain other sex steroids, does not alter the development of nonreproductiv

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPregnant rats of CFHB strain were injected 8 1/2 days postcoitum with a 1% suspension of retinoic acid (RA) in arachis oil to give 20 mg RA per kg body weight. Control rats were injected with arachis oil only. After 26 hours, one uterine horn was removed from each rat and the embryos cultured in serum from untreated rats. The embryos in the other horn were allowed to continue development in vivo. After a further 48 hours the cultures were terminated and the second uterine horn removed from each rat. This provided four groups of embryos for comparison: (1) embryos from RA‐treated rats, (2) cultured embryos from RA‐treated rats, (3) embryos from control rats, and (4) cultured embryos from control rats. The results showed that the effects of the teratogen on the cultured embryos were similar to those on the embryos allowed to continue development for the same period in the mother. In both groups RA reduced protein synthesis, inhibited somite and limb bud formation, and caused various neural tube defects, particularly microcephaly and abnormalities in the closure of the anterior and posterior neuropo

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInduction of artificial fission of the inner cell mass in an in vitro embryonal culture system was attempted. Mouse blastocysts were collected from uteri on day 3 of gestation and exposed to vinblastine sulfate after removal of zona pellucida. Embryos in the control group had a single inner cell mass on the trophectoderm and developed to the postblastocyst stage. On the other hand, the inner cell masses of the embryos in experimental groups subdivided into two or more. The present results, therefore, revealed that the vinblastine treatment at the blastocyst stage induced fission of the inner cell mass in mouse embryos. Further studies are planned in improved culture conditions to determine whether each inner cell mass subdivision develops into independent embryos.

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFetal exposure to excess vitamin A results in a highly variable degree of lung pathology and high neonatal mortality in the Long–Evans rat. The present study evaluated O2consumption in newborn of vitamin A‐treated, vehicle‐treated, and untreated pregnancies on five consecutive postnatal days beginning with the day of delivery (D0). Pregnant female rats were treated by gavage with 160,000 USP units of retinyl acetate dissolved in 0.5 ml corn oil on days 15 through 19 of gestation. Vehicle and undisturbed controls were run concurrently. All animals delivered spontaneously, and the pups were tattooed and individually tested in a closed system consisting of three chambers submerged within a thermostatically controlled water bath at 33°C.Vitamin A‐exposed pups, as a group, have significantly lower QO2(ml O2consumed/min/kg body weight) values than controls through postnatal day 2 (p<0.05). By days 3 and 4 of age, the mean QO2values of surviving vitamin A‐treated pups were similar to those of controls. A QO2of 30 or greater on day 0 appears to be critical for early neonatal survival of vitamin A‐exposed pups, as 87% of the pups with initial QO2<30 died prior to day 4. Oxygen consumption rates in teratogen‐exposed pups exhibiting low QO2on day 0 rarely reached normal levels. In contrast, the occasional control pup with such low initial levels were well within normal limits (X̄ ± 1 SD) by the following day.These studies demonstrate a marked effect of prenatal insult on respiratory function and strongly suggest that the nonivasive determination of QO2, 2–6 hours after birth provides a means to identify both moderately and severely affected individuals thereby permitting sequential study of their ensuing development of atelectasis neonatorum and apparent hyali

ISSN:0040-3709    

DOI:10.1002/tera.1420280211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY