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1. |
Something rotten in the state of clinical and economic evaluations? |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 63-67
Nick Freemantle,
Alan Maynard,
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ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030202
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
Jumping on the spot‐health reform New Zealand style |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 69-72
Michael H. Cooper,
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ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030203
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
Optimum alcohol taxation: Balancing consumption and external costs |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 73-87
Jeffrey Richardson,
Steven Crowley,
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摘要:
AbstractThis paper considers alternative approaches to the evaluation of the total cost of alcohol consumption in Australia. It calculates the impact of alternative tax rates on beer, wine and spirits separately and the ‘consumption cost’ of these taxes in terms of the distortion caused to consumption patterns. Two separate analyses are carried out. First optimal taxation is calculated which minimises the total loss from the ‘consumption cost’ of taxation plus the external cost of alcohol consumption. Secondly, the benefits of life are separated from other benefits and the impact of tax expressed in terms of the cost per life year gained. Conceptualised in this way, the results of this ‘tax’ program may be expressed in the same way as other health programs, namely as a net cost per life year gained. Alcohol taxation may then be compared with other life saving interventions.The chief conclusion reached is that in Australia there is a very compelling case for a new tax base and for a very significant increase in the rate of alcoh
ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030204
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
The qaly—a measure of social value rather than individual utility? |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 89-93
Erik Nord,
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摘要:
AbstractThe paper examines different interpretations of the QALY concept. It is suggested that the QALY interpreted as a measure of amounts of well‐life does not carry sufficient empirical meaning. As a measure of individuals' personal appreciation of outcomes in their own lives the QALY does not seem to work in comparisons of life saving interventions with interventions that improve health or increase life expectancy. For the QALY to be a generally empirically meaningful concept, it looks as though it needs to be interpreted as a measure of social value. This conclusion has direct implications for how values for health states should be elicite
ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030205
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Uncertainty in the economic evaluation of health care technologies: The role of sensitivity analysis |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 95-104
Andrew Briggs,
Mark Sculpher,
Martin Buxton,
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摘要:
AbstractGiven the increased use of economic evaluation to inform decision making in the health service, it is particularly important that the research methods used are critically assessed and, where possible, improved. The systematic handling of uncertainty in economic evaluation is an important area that remains methodologically underdeveloped. With the increased use of the clinical trial as a vehicle for economic evaluation, there has been recent interest in how the statistical methods routinely employed to handle uncertainty in clinical research might be applied to economic evaluation. This paper reviews the types of uncertainty that exist in economic evaluation and argues that some forms of uncertainty are not amenable to statistical methods. Sensitivity analysis is not a single approach but can take a number of different forms. The different types of sensitivity analysis are reviewed, with an indication of their strengths and weaknesses in relation to the different types of uncertainty in economic evaluation.
ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030206
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
The determinants of hospital utilisation: Implications for resource allocation in England |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 105-116
Michaela Benzeval,
Ken Judge,
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摘要:
AbstractSince 1976 various attempts have been made to ensure that NHS resources available for hospital and related services in England are allocated in proportion to the health care needs of different areas. The current method is based on analyses of the links between observed patterns of in‐patient utilization and the characteristics of the populations of small areas. There are a number of practical difficulties with this approach, however, and so the search continues for new analytical techniques.The purpose of this paper is to explore how household survey data about 12,729 English adults could be used to inform resource allocation decisions. Health care need indicators can be developed based on Census information and odds ratios derived from logistic regression analyses of the relationships between hospital utilization, health status, socio‐demographic characteristics and area indicators of supply.The results suggest that health status is the most important determinant of hospital utilization, although demographic and socio‐economic factors also have some influence. In addition to the personal characteristics of individual respondents, area correlates of health care supply are also positively associated with reported utilization.The final part of the paper illustrates how weighted population estimates might be calculated on the basis of empirically‐derived indicators of health ca
ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030207
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
The uptake of childhood immunization and financial incentives to general practitioners |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 117-125
Mauricea Lima Lynch,
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摘要:
AbstractAmong the target‐linked services introduced by the 1990 general practitioners' contract, childhood immunization in Scotland is the best suited for GPs to achieve the high target, given a centralized call and recall system and public confidence in the service. Yet over 25% of the practices in the area of the Greater Glasgow Health Board did not qualify for the high target payments in the last quarter of the 1991/92 financial year. Examining indicators of the socioeconomic characteristics of the patient population, practice profiles and the effect of financial incentives, we discuss the reasons for cross‐practice variation in the uptake of this service and estimate the probability of practices which missed the high target achieving it in the fut
ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030208
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. The World Bank, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993. No. of pages: 329. ISBN 0‐19‐520890‐0 |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 127-128
Lou Opit,
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ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030209
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Continuity and Crisis in the NHS. Edited by R. Loveridge and K. Starkey. Open University Press, Buckingham, 1992. No. of pages: 237. ISBN 0‐335‐15599‐5 |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 128-128
John Hutton,
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ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030210
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
Treatment of Mental Disorders. A Review of Effectiveness. Edited by Norman Sartorius, Giovanni Di Girolamo, Gavin Andrews, G. Allen German, and Leon Eisenberg. Published on behalf of the World Health Organization by American Psychiatric Press, INC. Washington, DC, 1993. No of pages: 501. ISBN 0‐88048‐975‐8 |
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Health Economics,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1994,
Page 129-130
Fujian Song,
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ISSN:1057-9230
DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030211
出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
年代:1994
数据来源: WILEY
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