ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research on the effects of adjuvant treatment for women with operable breast cancer focused exclusively on disease‐free and overall survival. In this study we evaluate life quality of premenopausal node‐positive breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for at least three months. For the first time, a modified latent variable model is used to assess treatment outcome in a prospective clinical trial. This poses a number of econometric problems which did not occur in the preceding studies. One of them is how to deal with patients whose records are incomplete. The data are provided by the International Breast Cancer Study Group (study VI).The results indicate that the lowest dose treatment improves life quality faster than the remaining three alternatives. At the end of the 24 months observation period no significant differences between the four treatment options remain. Although the lowest dose treatment is also the least costly no definite conclusion regarding cost‐effectiveness can be drawn at this stage since survival data is not yet avai

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study of time preference amongst the general public in the Grampian region of Scotland. The subjects, who were selected randomly from the electoral roll, were offered a series of inter‐temporal choices. Their responses were used to calculate private financial time preference rates, social non‐monetary time preference rates and social financial time preference rates. The paper investigates the relationship between these three measures of time preference in both the short and the long run. It also explores the effects of individual characteristics, including age, and health, on the implicit discount ra

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent studies with Spanish data suggest that indirect taxation is a potential instrument to reduce tobacco consumption but the magnitude of the estimated price elasticity limits the effectiveness of the taxes. However, if the separability restriction does not hold between tobacco and other goods, the results obtained could be misleading. This shortcoming of previous analyses leads us to formulate a demand system with alcohol, tobacco and other goods so as to estimate and test complementary effects and to assess the possibility for reducing consumption by indirect taxation of complementary commodities. We use the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey to carry out a cross‐section study which allows us to estimate demand models under different assumptions about the nature of zero expenditures and to test the effectiveness of indirect taxation. The findings tend to support our initial suspicions about the inadequacy of imposing separability and point out the importance of alcohol taxation to reduce tobacco consumption. However, given the structure of the data used, these results should be viewed with caution and must be confirmed by additional evidenc

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article aims at contributing to the analysis of financial incentives in managed competition, on the basis of the literature on procurement and regulation under incomplete information. More specifically, we focus on MUFACE, the publicly funded health care system for Spanish civil servants and dependants. MUFACE makes up an internal market, where competing public and private insurers are reimbursed a flat capitation payment.Some of our results are that theoretically, both pre‐contractual (adverse) selection ofinsurerscontracted by MUFACE, and post‐contractual risk selection ofenrolleesundertaken by insurers, should occur under flat capitat

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper investigates the benefit the patient derives from medical diagnosis. By considering explicitly the prospects with respect to both health and monetary consequences resulting from a decision taken by the physician, a fairly general approach to discuss diagnostic services is developed. The willingness to pay of the patient is taken to be measured by his compensating option price, evaluated with respect to the reference state without further diagnostic information. Of particular interest are conditions governing positivity of the patient benefit. Imposing additional restrictions upon individual preferences considerably simplifies the analysis by relying on a loss function. The final section discusses the role of the patient benefit as regards cost‐benefit analysis of diagnostic services. If health insurance is available providing at least partial coverage, a positive willingness to pay of the patient net of diagnostic cost can be shown to give no clue as to whether utilization of a diagnostic service is beneficial to society in the sense of cost‐benefit analy

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evidence found in most studies suggests a strong positive relationship between health care expenditure and gross domestic product. However, this evidence weakens with respect to the actual value of the income elasticity. There are two possible sources of these discrepancies, the use of arbitrary deflators and specification errors. We find that health PPP cannot be taken as a ‘universal’ price index. The problem is that its components do not move together. Nevertheless, we derive a ‘universal’ health price index from a dynamic system in which its components share both short and long run co‐movements. The omission of relevant explanatory variables seems to be the main cause of the discrepancies. We confirm that there exists a strong positive relationship between per capita health care expenditure and per capita GDP. However we estimate a long run income elasticity at or around unity, although it is greater than unity for the countries with lower per capita income (Spain and Ireland). The results for income elasticity are the same regardless of whether health care expenditure is converted using the GDP PPP or the ‘universal’ health price index. The importance of non‐income variables is also confirmed, in particular the relative price of health care. We find that relative price has a strong rationing effect on the quantity of health demanded and has no effect on t

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper considers the problems which arise in seeking to measure socioeconomic inequalities in health when the health indicator is a categorical variable, such as self‐assessed health. It shows that the standard approach—which involves dichotomizing the categorical variable—is unreliable. The degree of measured inequality is found to depend on the cut‐off point chosen and the choice of cut‐off point to affect the conclusions one can reach about trends in or differences in health inequality. The paper goes on to propose an alternative approach which involves constructing a latent health variable and then measuring inequalities in this latent variable by means of a variant of the health concentrat

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1057-9230    

DOI:10.1002/hec.4730030411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY