摘要:

Inhaled particle deposition sites must be identified to effectively treat human airway diseases. We have determined distribution patterns of a selected aeroallergen, mulberry pollen, among human extrathoracic (ET: i.e., oronasopharyngeal) regions and the lung. A predictive model validated by inhalation exposure data from human subjects was utilized. Deposition locations were primarily functions of (1) mulberry particle parameters (geometric size, 11–18 μm; shape, spherical; and density, 1.14 g cm−3), and (2) mode of breathing. In the general population, two styles of inhalation are prevalent, normal augmentors (NAs) and mouth breathers (MBs). Their clinical definitions are based on intra-ET airflow divisions. For a NA-mode breathing sedentary (minute ventilation = VE= 10 L min−1) adult, 93% of inhaled mulberry pollen was removed by the ET compartment and 7% collected within the lung. For a MB, the respective deposition efficiencies were 75% and 25%. To apply the model, we used a daily springtime mulberry pollen concentration of 1748 grains m−3and an exposure time of 0.5 hour to calculate actual doses for the respiratory system. Under the stipulated conditions, a MB would inhale 524 pollen grains per day and 131 would be deposited in the lung; the value is 37 grains for a NA. Preliminary epidemiological results suggest 15% of the study population are MBs in whom such pollen deposits are likely contributors to airway disease.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429992

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Airborne grass pollen in a grassland was measured using a Burkard air sampler and immunoblotting. The pollen antigens collected on the tape of the air sampler were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane, and visualized as purple spots by immunoenzymatic staining with anti-Lol pI antibody. These spots were quantified automatically using an image processing system. The airborne grass pollen antigens in the grassland where four species of grass were growing were prevalent mainly from evening to early morning during the first half of the pollen season, but in the daytime during the latter half of the season. The antigen dispersion time was confined to a few hours of the day. The flowering time of several grass species which were hydroponically cultured in the laboratory were also studied. Each species had a different flowering time. We believe that the time when an antigen is present during the day is related to the different flowering times of the various grass species growing in the grassland.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429993

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The type and position of the particular apertural system inThesium divaricatumhas been discussed. The study of the exine stratification shows a discontinous endexine that can be explained by the harmomegathic efficiency hypothesis to accomodate volume changes, caused by climatic variation.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429994

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies have shown that the orbicule core is surrounded by a sheet about 90 Å in thickness. It is stained by KMnO4 and composed of proteins, unsaturated lipids and esterified pectins. These data indicate that there is a biological membrane between the orbicule core and the wall. It is thought that this membrane is coated by a glycocalyx and supports the orbicule sporopollenic wall biosynthesis.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429995

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In order to investigate potential acroallergens of the Auckland region, a quantitative and qualitative study of the air spora was conducted at three different sites over the 12-month period, September 1979 to August 1980. Burkard volumetric spore traps were operated simultaneously at each of the three sites viz. Mt. Eden, Henderson and Waitakeres, located on a 20-km axis extending westward from Auckland City and encompassing residential, horticultural, agricultural, commercial and forested contexts. In the individual category of ascomycetous fungi,Leptosphaeriaascospores were recorded as an important component of air spora of the two non-forested sites. Ascospores concentration displayed a seasonal peak in late summer (February) and early autumn (March) and a diel periodicity with a distinct nocturnal maxima at all sites, confirmingLeptosphaeriato be a component of the “rising air” or “damp-air spora”. The maximum concentration exceeded 4430 m−3of air around midnight (24/25 March, early autumn). A comparison of the results from the three sites showed that 61% of the totalLeptosphaeriaascospores were trapped at Henderson (a satellite town in a rural setting) 29% at Mt. Eden (commercial/residential area) and 10% at Waitakeres (mainly forest site). Our data forLeptosphaeriaascospores combined with a high regional incidence of respiratory allergic diseases particularly bronchial asthma in late summer and autumn, indicate that a thorough investigation of the role ofLeptosphaeriaas a potential aeroallergen is warranted.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429996

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Erdtman's Handbook of Palynology, 2nd revised edition (1992). Edited by Siwert Nilsson and Joseph Praglowski. Munksgaard, International Publishers Ltd. Price DKr. 650.00 + postage.

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429997

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This is a scanned image of the original Editorial Board page(s) for this issue

ISSN:0017-3134    

DOI:10.1080/00173139309429981

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor