摘要:

In this review the recent achievements in the field of chemotherapy and immunotherapy of candidiasis are outlined. The current limitations of chemotherapeutic approaches and the lack of well defined preventive tools and strategies make it imperative to exploit the potential of novel immunotherapeutic venues. In this prospect the rather extensive work performed on cytokine patterns in experimental models and the upsurge of antibodies as one mechanism of anti-Candidaprotection raises great promise for the clinical use of immunotherapy possibly in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve the fight against this increasingly prevalent human oppurtunistic infection.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The interplay between human papillomavirus, notably type 16, and HIV in cervical carcinogenesis leads to persistent infection and cervical neoplasia by destruction of the afferent arm (Langerhans cells) of the host immune system. The joint effect takes place at the early stages of squamous intraepithelial lesions and has severe consequences if left untreated. The recent increase of cervical cancer mortality in young women in developed countries may well be a result of the HIV epidemic. Infection withChlamydia trachomatisis associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma but not with cervical adenocarcinoma, and the association remains after adjusting for human papillomavirus 16. Joint effects ofC. trachomatisand the human papillomaviruses have not been studied at the population level but indirect evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that the interaction might be different (synergistic versus antagonistic) at different stages (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia versus invasive cervical cancer) of cervical carcino-genesis. Concomitant exposure to human papillomaviruses 6 or 11 and human papillomavirus type 16 has not been shown to result in excess risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. This antagonistic joint effect was also discovered between human papillomavirus types 18 and 16, as well as 33 and 16. Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies are associated with a modest risk of cervical cancer, which is not surprising since the presence of herpes simplex virus antibodies reflects risk-taking sexual behaviour. However, no excess risk remains after adjustment for human papillomavirus type 16, and no interaction between these two viruses has been found in epidemiological studies. Evidence of interaction between human papillomavirus type 16 and the other members of the herpesvirus family is still at an experimental level and difficult to judge. Little progress has been made in the most promising experimental association between the oncogenic human papillomaviruses and adeno-associated viruses. In addition to the well established interaction between human papillomaviruses and HIV, intriguing interactions are emerging between the human papillomaviruses andC. trachomatis, as well as between the different human papillomavirus types.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID