摘要:

In the 1990s, the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus in the United States will more closely parallel the epidemiology of other sexually transmitted diseases. Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence rates will remain concentrated among established risk groups in currently identified epicenters of infection such as urban areas in the North and Southeast, as well as on the West coast. However, fueled largely by epidemic spread from intravenous drug users, new infections will tend to occur more frequently among minority heterosexuals in urban settings and in rural areas with proximity to drug trafficking routes. In addition, the increasingly frequent phenomenon of exchanging sex for drugs, which results in high rates of partner change, will also contribute to epidemic spread among individuals who are not identified as part of traditional risk groups.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ForPneumocystic cariniipneumonia, standard treatment is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but promising results have been reported for dapsone and trimethoprim, inhaled pentamidine, effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole include chemical hepatitis, neutropenia, and methemoglobinemia. Prophylaxis includes trime-thoprim-sulfamethoxazole and inhaled pentamidine. In treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, the role of fluconazole is being studied. In studies of histoplasmosis, a new radioimmunoassay has been developed forHistoplasma capsulatum.In candidiasis, a relationship between site of mucosal candidiasis and CD4 count has been identified. Tuberculosis may be the first opportunistic infection to manifest in HIV-infected persons. InMycobacterium aviumcomplex infection, impressive results have been demonstrated for a regimen consisting of rifabutin, clofazimine, ethambutol, and isoniazid, and a regimen consisting of amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol, and rifampin. Ganciclovir is effective treatment for cytomegalovirus infection. For both herpes simplex infection and varicella zoster infection, acyclovir resistance is a problem. Alternatives to acyclovir include foscarnet, and for varicella zoster, vidarabine.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Chronic immunosuppression leads to an increase in the incidence of malignancy. Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are particulary common in patients with immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus. Recent studies have shown that there is also a high prevalence of cervical and anal epithelial neoplasia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection, probably resulting from coinfection with human papillomavirus. Improvements in treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection and related opportunistic infections are resulting in prolonged survival of patients with severe immunodeficiency. The consequences of such prolonged, severe immunodeficiency may be analogous to those seen in immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a higher incidence of lymphoma and progression of epithelial neoplasia to frank cervical and anal carcinoma.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID