ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Tuberculosis remains a major health problem in the world, which is compounded further by the alarmingly high rate ofM. tuberculosisinfections in AIDS patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to advance our understanding of the mycobacterium to develop new drugs. The extraordinary recent developments in mycobacterial genetic research, particularly in genomics will greatly facilitate this goal. The knowledge of the entire genome sequence ofM. tuberculosiswill help in designing new chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic interventions. This review highlights recent developments in genomics, mycobacterial genetics, novel vaccine strategies, and our understanding of tuberculous dormancy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review describes efforts being undertaken to develop new tools and strategies to monitor and control dengue fever mosquitoes, mainlyAedes aegypti. With the growing realization that the magnitude of the global dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever problem rivals that of malaria and infectious diseases such as hepatitis, and that old strategies are unsuitable in today's world, this problem requires urgent attention. The new tactics involve proper targeting of important breeding sites and diverse control methodologies ranging from biological control to molecular transformation of the vectors themselves.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This review covers significant recent developments in the field of travel medicine. New vaccines related to travel are discussed: cholera, Lyme disease, and rotavirus. Pertinent travel vaccine-related issues with varicella, polio, meningitis, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis are described. New developments in malaria prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. Imported cases of African tick bite fever, arboviruses, African trypanosomiasis, andHelicobacter pylori, and diarrheal illness are reviewed.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Following the 1991 war with Iraq, some US, British, and Canadian veterans began experiencing diverse symptoms, which have been characterized as a possible ‘Gulf War Syndrome’. Although veterans have been found to have a variety of illnesses, neither the existence nor etiology of a unique syndrome has been confirmed. In this review of current literature, the potential for infectious diseases to cause health problems nearly a decade after the Gulf War is evaluated.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A large number of viruses can be found in the human intestine. Some (bacteriophages) infect the bacteria present as normal flora and others use the gut as a portal of entry. This review examines the virology, pathogenesis, immunology, epidemiology, clinical features, treatment and prevention of the viral enteropathogens. Rotavirus is undoubtedly the most important, causing an estimated 800 000 deaths each year, especially in developing countries. Recently, an oral live quadrivalent rhesus rotavirus vaccine has been licensed for use in the USA. It has great potential but there are a number of hurdles to be overcome before it can be given to infants in developing countries. Molecular techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of rotavirus pathogenesis, and the tremendous diversity ofCaliciviridaeandAstroviridae, as well as producing new diagnostic techniques and vaccines.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Infections of the bowel as a result of bacterial enteropathogens are one of the most common medical problems. The use of novel molecular biology techniques and the recent development of new antimicrobial drugs and vaccines are helping us to identify, understand, treat and prevent these infections.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intestinal parasites remain extremely common worldwide. In developing countries, intestinal protozoans are important causes of childhood diarrhea. Cryptosporidiosis is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in patients with AIDS. With the advent of current active antiretroviral therapy the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS has decreased. By contrast,Cryptosporidium,Cyclospora, andGiardiaoutbreaks continue to be associated with contamination of food or water. The intestinal helminthsAscaris, hookworm, andTrichuriseach infects over a thousand million people. While most of those infected experience only minor symptoms, recent data highlight subtle effects of parasitism on cognitive function and nutrition. Efforts at disease control in developing countries are increasingly focused on mass chemotherapy.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Sources of human microsporidial infection remain speculative, but possible animal reservoirs are emerging. Of the common human microsporidial infections,Enterocytozoon bieneusihas now been identified in non-human primates, pigs, dogs and a cat;Encephalitozoon intestinalisin dogs, pigs, cows, goats and donkeys andEncephalitozoon hellemin budgerigars and parrots. Evidence of species heterogeneity is also emerging suggesting that some animal isolates may be distinctive. Further molecular epidemiological studies need to be undertaken to clarify which animal genotypes can also infect humans. Some of the less common microsporidial infections found in humans, such as those involvingPleistophora-like species, may be the result of infrequent accidental exposure (for example, inadequately cooked infected fish muscle) and establishment, particularly if the individual is severely immunocompromised.

ISSN:0951-7375    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1999

数据来源: OVID